one of the four cardinal points from which the winds blow.

Robert, an eminent divine, was the son of William South, a merchant of London, and was born at Hackney, near that city, in 1633. He was educated at Westminster school, and afterwards in Christ-Church College, Oxford. In 1654, he wrote a copy of Latin verses to congratulate Cromwell upon the peace concluded with the Dutch; and the next year a Latin poem, entitled Musica Incantans. In 1660, he was elected public orator of the university; and the following year became domestic chaplain to Edward earl of Clarendon, lord high chancellor of England. In 1663 he was installed prebendary of Westminster, admitted to the degree of D.D., and had a sinecure in Wales bestowed on him by his patron, the earl of Clarendon; after whose retirement into France in 1667, he became chaplain to the duke of York. In 1670 he was installed canon of Christ-Church; and in 1676 attended as chaplain to Laurence Hyde, Esq., ambassador extraordinary to the king of Poland. In 1678 he was presented to the rectory of Islip in Oxfordshire; and in 1680 rebuilt the chancel of that church, as he afterwards did the rectory-house belonging to it. After the revolution he took the oath of allegiance to King William and Queen Mary, though he excused himself from accepting a great dignity in the church, vacated by the personal refusal of that oath. His health began to decline several years before his death, which happened in 1716. He was interred in Westminster Abbey, where a monument is erected to his memory. He published, 1. Animadversions on Dr Sherlock's Vindication of the Holy and ever Blessed Trinity; 2. A Defence of his Animadversions; 3. Sermons, 8 vols. 8vo. And after his decease were published his Opera Posthuma Latina, and his posthumous English Works. Dr South was remarkable for his wit, which abounds in all his writings, and particularly in his sermons; but at the same time they equally abound in ill humour,

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Raffles's History of Java, vol. i. p. 12. spleen, and satire. He was remarkable for being a time-server. During the life of Cromwell he was a staunch Presbyterian, and then railed against the Independents; at the Restoration he exerted his pulpit-eloquence against the Presbyterians; and in the reign of Queen Anne was a warm advocate for Sacheverell.

**South Cape**, at the southern extremity of New Holland. Long. 146. 56. E. Lat. 43. 47. S.

**South-East Islands**, a group of islands, forming part of Recherche Archipelago, on the south coast of New Holland. Lat. 33. 53. S.

**South Island**, a small island in the Eastern Seas, near the south-west coast of the island of Bouton. Long. 122. 50. E. Lat. 5. 42. S. This is also the name of a small island in the Indian Sea, near the eastern coast of Madagascar. Long. 50. 20. E. Lat. 17. S. There is another small island of this name near the south coast of the island of Celebes. Long. 120. 51. E. Lat. 5. 45. S.

**South of India**, a division of Hindustan, which is of a triangular figure, and has the Krishna river for its base, Cape Comorin the apex, while the sides are formed by the coasts of Coromandel and Malabar. It is 600 miles in length from Cape Comorin to the Krishna, and 500 miles in breadth where broadest. The great feature of this extensive region is the central table-land, from 3000 to 5000 feet above the level of the sea, separated by a wild, abrupt, and mountainous country, from the low plains to the east and west, which form a belt of small but unequal breadth between the hills and the sea. In this division of India may be seen the Hindu manners in their primitive simplicity, especially in Tinnevelly and the adjacent districts. The Mahomedans are few in comparison with the native Hindus, over whom twenty centuries have passed without making any change in their habits. Southern India has suffered grievously from the devastations of war, and fully as much from the cruel extortion of its rulers. The territories comprehended in this division of the country are, a small portion of the Bejaapoor province, the Balaghat ceded districts; the Carnatic, Northern, Central, and Southern Mysore, Canara, Malabar, Barramahal, Coimbetoor, Dindigul, Salem and Kistnagerry, Cochin and Travancore; a detailed description of which will be found under their respective appellations.

**South Sea**, or **Pacific Ocean**, is that vast body of water interposed between Asia and America. It does not, however, strictly speaking, reach quite to the continent of Asia, excepting to the northward of the peninsula of Malacca; for the water interposed between the eastern coast of Africa and the peninsula just mentioned has the name of the **Indian Ocean**. The South Sea, then, is bounded on one side by the western coast of America, through its whole extent, from the unknown regions in the north to the Straits of Magellan and Terra del Fuego, where it communicates with the southern part of the Atlantic. On the other side, it is bounded by the coast of Asia, from the northern promontory of Tschukotskoi Noss, to the peninsula of Malacca already mentioned. Thence it is bounded to the southward by the northern coasts of Borneo, Celebes, Macassar, New Guinea, New Holland, and the other islands in that quarter, which divide it from the Indian Ocean. Then, washing the eastern coast of the great island of New Holland, it communicates with that vast body of water encompassing the whole southern part of the globe, and which has the general name of the **Southern Ocean**. Thus does this vast ocean occupy almost the semicircumference of the globe, reaching nearly from one pole to the other, and about the equatorial parts extending almost 180° in longitude, or 12,500 of our miles. The northern parts of the Pacific Ocean are entirely destitute of land, not a single island having yet been discovered in it from the latitude of 40° north and upwards, excepting such as are very near the coast either of Asia or America; but in the southern part the islands are very numerous. See **Polynesia**.

**South-west Cape**, on the south coast of New Holland, in the South Pacific Ocean, north-west of South Cape. Long. 146. 7. E. Lat. 43. 32. S.

**South-west Isles**, a group of islands, seven in number, dependent on the Banda Islands. Kissier is the chief, which lies to the south-west of them all. They are low, and surrounded by shoals and rocks, and are inhabited by a ferocious and perfidious race, resembling those of New Guinea, who seem to have sprung from the Papuas or aborigines of that country, and the Caffres of Africa. They produce sandal-wood. The Dutch had a commercial establishment here. Population 36,266.

**Southam**, a small town of the hundred of Knightlow, in the county of Warwick, eighty-three miles from London. It has little or no trade. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 935, in 1811 to 1007, in 1821 to 1161, and in 1831 to 1256.

**Southampton**, a town of Hampshire, seventy-seven miles from London. It is finely situated at the junction of the river Test with the Itchen; these form an expanse of water, by which vessels may approach the town. It was anciently fortified, and the remains of its walls and castle still exist. It is one of the best-built towns of England. The High Street is broad and well paved. Southampton contains five parish churches; several almshouses, a grammar school, some convenient bathing-houses, public rooms, and an elegant theatre. The borough was incorporated by Charles I., and is governed by a mayor, recorder, bailiffs, sheriff, and common-council men. It returns two members to parliament. It is in fact a county of itself, having its own magistrates, of whom the bishop of Winchester is one. This town has long been a place of great trade with Portugal, chiefly for the importation of port-wine and fruit. It has also some trade with France, with the islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, and especially with the Isle of Wight, to which place packet-boats are constantly sailing. The mildness of the air, the facility of making excursions by water as well as by land, the vicinity of the Isle of Wight and of New Forest, contribute to render the town a desirable place for either a temporary or a permanent residence, which is further recommended by the excellent supplies of fish, fruit, meat, and other necessaries. The railway which connects Southampton with the metropolis will greatly tend to promote its prosperity. The inhabitants amounted in 1801 to 7629, in 1811 to 9258, in 1821 to 13,913, and in 1831 to 19,324.

**Southend**, a hamlet in the parish of Prittlewell, in the hundred of Rochford and county of Essex, forty-two miles from London. It stands at the mouth of the Thames, opposite to Sheerness; and from its easy communication with the metropolis, it has of late years been resorted to by considerable numbers for sea-bathing.

**Souterne**, Thomas, an eminent dramatic writer, was born at Dublin in 1660, and received his education in Trinity College. He came young to London to study law; but instead of that, devoted himself to poetry and the writing of plays. His Persian Prince, or Loyal Brother, was introduced in 1682, when the Tory interest was triumphant in England; and the character of the Loyal Brother being intended to compliment James duke of York, he rewarded the author when he came to the throne with a commission in the army. On the Revolution taking place, he retired to his studies, and wrote several plays, from which he is supposed to have derived a very handsome subsistence, being the first who raised the advantage of play-writing to a second and third night. The most finished of all his plays are the Fatal Marriage, or the Innocent Adultery; and Oroonoko, or the Royal Slave, which is built on a true story related in one of Mrs Behn's novels. Mr Southerne died in 1746, in the eighty-sixth year of his age; the latter part of which he spent in a peaceful serenity, having, by his commission as a soldier, and the profits of his dramatic works, acquired a handsome fortune, and being an exact economist, he improved what fortune he gained to the best advantage. He enjoyed the longest life of all our poets, and died the richest of them, a very few excepted. His plays are printed in three volumes 12mo. See the Biographia Dramatica, vol. i. p. 680.