(called by the Turks Edirneh), a city of European Turkey, in the province of Rumelia 137 miles W.N.W. of Constantinople; Lat. 41. 41. 26. N.; Long. 26. 35. 41. It is pleasantly situated partly on a hill and partly on the banks of the Tunida, near its confluence with the Maritza. Next to Constantinople, it is the most important city of the empire. The streets are narrow, crooked, and filthy; and its ancient citadel, with the walls which formerly surrounded the town, are now in ruins. Of its public buildings the most distinguished are the ancient palace of the sultans, now in a state of decay; the famous bazaar of Ali Pacha, appropriated to the warehousing and sale of various kinds of commodities; and the mosque of Sultan Selim II., a magnificent specimen of Turkish architecture, and ranked among the finest Mohammedan temples. It has numerous baths, caravansaries, and bazars, and considerable manufactures of silk, leather, tapestry, woollens, linen, and cotton, and an active general trade. Its exports include raw silk, cotton, opium, rose-water, attar of roses, fruits, and agricultural produce. The city is supplied with fresh water by means of a noble aqueduct carried by arches over an extensive valley. There is also a fine stone bridge here over the Tunida. During winter and spring the Maritza is navigable up to the town, but Enos at the mouth of that river is properly its seaport, and formerly admitted large vessels; but owing to the carelessness of the Turks, a sand-bank has accumulated, so that now it is accessible only to vessels of comparatively small burden. The population is said to amount to 130,000, of whom about 30,000 are Greeks. Adrianople was called Uskadamia previous to the time of the Emperor Hadrian, who improved and embellished the town, and changed its name to Hadrianopolis. Uskadamia was the capital of the Bessi, a fierce and powerful Thracian people. In 1360 it was taken by the Turks, who, from 1366 till 1453, when they got possession of Constantinople, made it the seat of their government. In the campaign of 1829, so disastrous to the Turks, Adrianople surrendered on the 20th of August to the Russians, under Diebitsch, without making any resistance. It was restored after the treaty of peace, definitively signed on the 14th September 1829. For the terms of this treaty, so humiliating to the Porte, see TURKEY.