a circle of the province of Tula, in Russia in Europe, to the south of Moscow and east of Kaluga. It is a level district, watered by the river Oka and its tributary streams, of moderate fertility, and abundantly supplied with wood. It comprehends one city and 74 parishes, containing 241 villages and about 90,000 inhabitants. The capital of the circle, of the same name, is built on the river Oka, has four churches, with 2000 inhabitants, some of whom manufacture hats and soap. It is in Long. 36° 30'. E. and Lat. 54° 42'. N.