a modern province of Spain, comprehending the eastern portion of the ancient kingdom of Granada. It is bounded on the north by Jaen and Murcia, on the east and south by Murcia and the Mediterranean, and on the west by Granada. It embraces an area of about 3800 square miles; with a population in 1849 of 292,234. Its whole extent is traversed by mountain-ridges, some of them of considerable elevation; with corresponding valleys and plains of great fertility. This province is one of the richest in minerals of all Spain; the mountains yielding silver, mercury, lead, antimony, copper, and iron. The silver mines of the Sierra de Almanzara, opened in 1839, produced in 1843 nearly 1,700,000 ounces; while the lead mines of the Sierra de Gador, a branch of the Alpujarras, are computed to have yielded, from 1795 to 1841 inclusive, 11,000,000 quintals of lead. The principal rivers are the Almanzora, running from west to east, with a course of about 50 miles; the Almeria north-west to south-east; and the Adra from north to south, watering the fertile district between the Sierra de Gador and the Alpujarra proper. The climate is mild, except in the interior, where the winter is cold. On the coast rain seldom falls, and south-west winds prevail. The inhabitants are principally engaged in mining and in agriculture. All kinds of grain are raised in abundance. The common fruits are plentiful, as well as oranges, lemons, and vines. Much excellent silk is produced in the western districts. Cattle are extensively bred; those of the valley of the Almeria are especially remarkable for their size and beauty. The manufactures consist chiefly of esparto cordage, white-lead, shot, soap, saltpetre, and leather. The principal exports are lead, esparto, barilla, and soap. The imports consist of woollen and cotton stuffs from Catalonia; silk from Valencia and Malaga, and linen from Marseille and Gibraltar. Education in this province is in a backward state; the means of instruction not extending to half the population. The ratio of crime is consequently high, being to the population as 1 to 355.