Diego de Payva d', or ANDRADUS, a learned Portuguese, born at Coimbra in 1528, who distinguished himself at the council of Trent, where he was sent by King Sebastian as one of his divines. He wrote several volumes of sermons, and other pieces; one of which, De Conciliorum Autoritate, was highly esteemed at Rome on account of the great extension of authority which it gave to the pope. He died in 1575.

ANDRADA E SYLVA, BONIFACIO JOZÉ DE, a distinguished Brazilian naturalist and statesman, was born in 1765 and died in 1838. He took a prominent part in the Revolution of Brazil, and in 1831 was recalled from his banishment in France to accept the charge of the young emperor's education, but after two years, political hostility again drove him into retirement. His works consist chiefly of memoirs relative to mines.

ANDRÉ, JOUR. This accomplished and unfortunate man was born in London in 1751. Accident led him to Buxton in 1759, where he became acquainted with and deeply enamoured of Miss Honora Sneyd; but her friends disapproving of the match, induced her to discontinue her correspondence with him, and after some years persuaded her to give her hand to Mr Lovell Edgeworth. In the meantime, André, in the hope of improving his circumstances, had engaged in the service of a considerable mercantile house in London; but on the marriage of Miss Sneyd, he determined on abandoning his profession, and soon obtained a commission in a regiment destined for America, the theatre at that time of the war of Independence. In this new sphere, his talents and acquirements gained him rapid promotion, and in the year 1780 he was a major in the army, adjutant-general of the British forces in America, and aide-de-camp to General Sir Henry Clinton, their commander-in-chief.

When in this situation, the American general, Arnold, who had displayed much energy in the cause of the colonies, conceiving himself injuriously treated by his colleagues, made a proposition to the British to betray to them the important post of West-Point, the key of the American position. This seemed a favourable opportunity of concluding the war, and Major André was appointed to negotiate with Arnold. For this purpose he landed from a vessel bearing a flag of truce, and had an interview with Arnold; but before the negotiations were finished, an American fort had fired on the vessel, and forced her to drop down the river. André therefore could not return by the way he came, and it was necessary to go to New York by land; in the meantime, his guide brought him, without his knowledge, within the American lines, where he was provided with a plain dress instead of his British uniform, and a passport under the name of John Anderson, in which disguise he set out on horseback for headquarters. After passing the outposts undiscovered, he was stopped by three militiamen of the enemy and carried back a prisoner. Washington sent him before a court-martial, and notwithstanding a spirited defence, and the remonstrances of the British general, who did all he could to save him, Major André was executed at Tappan as a spy—a sentence perhaps justified by the extreme rigour of martial law, as he had been in disguise within the lines of the enemy; but the traitor Arnold, through the address of poor André, escaped by timely flight the punishment he justly merited.

Besides courage, and distinguished military talents, Major André possessed a well-cultivated mind. He was a profi- cient in drawing and in music, and showed considerable poetic talent in his humorous Cone-chase, which appeared in three successive parts at New York; the last on the very day of his capture. One of his last letters gives an affecting inci- dent relating to his first love. When stripped of every- thing by those who seized him, he contrived to retain the portrait of Honora, which he always carried on his person, by concealing it in his mouth. He was not aware that this lady had breathed her last some months before. A mural sculptured monument to the memory of Major André was erected in Westminster Abbey by the British Government, when his remains were brought over in 1821, and there in- terred.

(7. s. t.)

ANDREA Del Sarto, see Vannucchi.