a celebrated painter of Athens about 408 years before the birth of Christ, was the first who invented the art of mingling colours, and of expressing lights and shades, on which latter account he received the name of Σκαρπόδος. He was admired also for his judicious choice of subjects, and for beauty and strength of colouring surpassed all the masters that went before him.

There was also a sculptor of this name who flourished about the same period, and made statues in bronze. He was surnamed the Mad, from his practice of breaking his works in pieces when they did not realize his idea.

APOLLODORUS of Carystus, a Greek comic poet, about 300 years B.C., was a native of Euboea. He wrote, according to Suidas, 47 comedies, and gained the prize five times. His plays were composed at Alexandria, where they were greatly in esteem. The Heyra and Phormio of Terence are said to have been imitated from this writer.—Meineke, Hist. Crit. Comic. Græc.

tyrant of Cassandria, subverted the liberty of his country, B.C. 279, after having deceived the people by an appearance of ardent attachment to their rights. He was dethroned and put to death by Antigonus Gonatas.

APOLLODORUS of Gela, a Sicilian comic poet, said to have been a contemporary of Menander, and frequently confounded with Apollodorus of Carystus. Some fragments of his plays are given in Meineke's History.

APOLLODORUS the Athenian, a famous grammarian, the son of Asclepiades and disciple of Aristarchus. He wrote many works not now extant; but his most famous production is his Bibliotheca, which treats of the gods and the heroic ages. It is supposed by some that this is only an abridgment by another hand, and not the original work of Apollodorus. In any view it is, however, of great value in mythological inquiries. The best edition is that of Heyne, in 4 vols. 8vo, published in 1803. A French translation, with notes, was published at Paris in 1805, in 2 vols. 8vo.

APOLLODORUS of Pergamus, a Greek rhetorician, who founded a school called after his name. He taught at Rome and at Apollonia, and had Octavianus, afterwards Augustus, as his pupil.

an epigrammatic poet, supposed to have been a native of Smyrna. He lived under Augustus and Tiberius. Thirty of his epigrams are preserved in the Greek Anthology.

a famous architect under Trajan and Hadrian, was born at Damascus. Among his principal works were the Forum of Trajan, the Odeum, and various other public buildings at Rome; the triumphal arches at Beneventum and Ancona; and the great bridge of stone which Trajan ordered to be built over the Danube in the year 104, which was esteemed the most magnificent of all the works of Apollodorus that emperor. One day as Trajan was discoursing with this architect upon the buildings he had raised at Rome, Hadrian ventured to give his judgment, and showed he understood nothing of the matter. Apollodorus turned upon him bluntly, and said to him, "Go, paint gourds, for you are very ignorant of the subject we are talking upon." Hadrian at this time boasted of his painting gourds well. On Hadrian's elevation to the throne, Apollodorus was banished. He composed in his exile a treatise on Warlike Engines (πολεοσφρία), in a preface to which he supplicated the indulgence of the emperor. Hadrian sent him soon after the plan of a temple of Venus, which he had himself designed. Apollodorus criticized its dimensions, and remarked, "that if the goddess wished to rise and go out of the temple, she could not find room." This, with the former freedom of Apollodorus, so offended Hadrian, that he put the artist to death, on the pretext of imaginary crimes.—(Dion Cassius, Ixix.)