a canton of Switzerland, the thirteenth in the confederation. It is a mountainous district in the north-east of Switzerland, entirely surrounded by the canton of St Gall. Of the chains of mountains which traverse it, some, especially in the south, attain a considerable elevation, that of Mount Sentis, the highest, being 8232 feet. Its principal river is the Sitter, besides which it is watered by several rivulets. It was at one time almost covered with pine and fir forests, abounding in game and wild animals; but in consequence of the extension of the population, these have much diminished. Peat and coal are abundant. From the general elevation of this canton the climate is cold and variable, but not unhealthy. It has an area of 152 square miles, with a population in 1850 of 54,869. The violent struggles which followed the occasion occasioned its division into two parts in 1597—Inner Rhodes occupied by Roman Catholics, and Outer Rhodes by Protestants. Outer Rhodes comprehends about two-thirds of the canton, being its northern and western parts, and has a population of 43,599, almost all Protestants. Population of Inner Rhodes 11,270, almost all Roman Catholics. These two divisions have distinct democratic forms of government; each has a great council, the members of which are chosen by the people, and whose acts are all subject to approval by the general body of the people. Outer Rhodes sends two members to the national council, and Inner Rhodes one; the former contributing 772, and the latter 200 men to the federal army. The houses are distinguished by neatness and cleanliness, and are surrounded with gardens. Education, and the training of the young here, as throughout Switzerland, is much attended to. The inhabitants of Inner Rhodes are principally engaged in the rearing of cattle; those of Outer Rhodes in manufactures, especially cotton and linen goods, and embroidery. The capital of Inner Rhodes is Appenzell; of Outer Rhodes, Trogen.