a remarkable mountain in Armenia, in Lat. 39. 42. N. Long. 43. 68. E., at the point where the territories of Persia, Turkey, and Asiatic Russia meet. This mountain receives the name of Massis from the Armenians, and it is the Aghur-Tagh of the Turks. According to Parrot it has two summits seven miles apart, one of which he estimates at 16,000, and the other at 12,000 feet above the sea; but it rises from a table-land, which is itself as high as 5000 feet. The loftiest peak is covered with perpetual snow, which, however, does not form a glacier, and it reaches no lower than 14,100 feet above the sea. On the other summit it only lies from the end of October to the beginning of September. The ascent is difficult, and was first made by Parrot of Dorpat, and in 1845 by Abich. Ararat is isolated, except on the north, where it is connected with a chain extending along the valley of the River Aras towards Erzeroum. It is a vol- canic mountain; but there was no record of an eruption until 1840, when a vast column of vapour, mingled with dark smoke, was observed to proceed from a chasm on its flank to a great height; the atmosphere was loaded with the odour of sulphur; and an undulating motion of the earth, lasting only about two seconds, rolled from the mountain to the east and south-east, causing great destruction to the neighbouring districts. The village of Arguri and the monastery of St James, with their inhabitants, were buried under the mass of stones and mud that was thrown out. The mountain is generally supposed to have been the place where Noah landed from the Ark after the waters of the Flood had abated, but that he landed on the summit of such a mountain is very improbable. All the Bible says is that "the ark rested upon the mountains of Ararat;" but it nowhere tells us where Ararat was; and, consequently, learned men have conceived themselves at liberty to seek for it wherever their fancy might lead them. The Jews, indeed, in the first century of the Christian era, identified the Ararat of Genesis with Armenia. The Armenians revere Mount Massis as the place of descent, and the Persians call it Koh-i-Nuh, or Noah's Mountain. The height of Ararat above given is from barometric observation; but the more recent trigonometric measurement of Fedorov reduces its height to 16,842 feet.