now Arbil or Erbil, a town of Asiatic Turkey, to the east of the Tigris, in Long. 44. 5. E., and Lat. 36. 11. N., 40 miles east of Mosul. It appears to have been once a very large town, but is now quite decayed. It is built on an artificial mound, about 150 feet high, surrounded by a wall inclosing about a thousand houses, and there are about 500 more at its foot. Its inhabitants are Kurds and Turks. It is famous in history as having given its name to the last decisive battle, B.C. 331, between Alexander the Great and Darius Codomannus, the last king of Persia. The battle was fought in the plain of Gaugamela, fifty miles distant, and Alexander pursued the fugitives to Arbela. See Greece.

**ARBBERG**, a town of Switzerland, in the canton of Bern, with a handsome castle, where the bailiff resides. It is seated on the river Aar, in a kind of island; and since 1830 has been fortified. Long. 7. 15. E. Lat. 47. 0. N. Pop. 850.