the most southern of the seven departments into which the republic of Peru is divided. It lies along the Pacific between Lat. 15. and 21. S. and Long. 69. and 75. W.; having on the north the departments of Lima, Ayacucho, and Puno; and on the east and south, Bolivia. Its chief productions are silver, nitrate of soda, guano, sheep, alpaca wool, sugar, wine, and brandy. It is divided into seven provinces. The chief town of the department has the same name, and lies in the fertile valley of Quilca, 7775 feet above the level of the sea, in Lat. 16° 30' S. Long. 71° 48' W. This city is handsome and well built, with a cathedral, a college, a hospital, several nunneries and convents, and a bronze fountain in its great square. It has a very considerable trade, with manufactures of woollen and linen goods, and gold and silver ornaments. It is subject to frequent earthquakes; but the climate is mild and salubrious. Behind the city rise three lofty mountains, one of which, called the peak of Misti, is an active volcano, and rises to the height of 18,373 feet. Pop. 20,000.