or BAYREUTH, capital of the circle of Up- per Franconia, in Bavaria, is pleasantly situated in a valley on the left bank of the Red Main, 40 miles N.E. of Nurem- berg. It is well built, with broad, regular, and well-paved streets; and is partially surrounded by old walls. The river is here crossed by two bridges. Among its public buildings are the modern castle, the opera-house, one of the finest in Germany, gymnasium founded in 1664, bank, riding school, and barracks. It has also five churches, a handsome syna- gogue, public library, theatre, hospital, an orphan and a li- natic asylum. In 1841, a monument was erected here to the poet Jean Paul Richter, who died here in 1825. Baireuth has an active trade, chiefly in grain; and manufactories of woollen and cotton goods, leather, delft, and other earthen- ware, and tobacco. It has also several breweries and dis- tilleries. About half a league distant is the suburb of St George, noted for its marble works; and about two miles to the E. is the Hermitage, a fanciful building, erected in the early part of the last century, with gardens containing terraces, statues, and fountains. Pop. in 1849, 14,145.

Baireuth was formerly the capital of a principality of the same name, which, on the death of the last margrave with- out issue in 1791, was annexed to the kingdom of Prussia. In 1807, it was ceded by Prussia to France, which kept pos- session of it till 1810, when it was transferred to Bavaria.