a town of Bavaria, in the circle of Upper Franconia, on the river Regnitz, 3 miles above its junction with the Maine, and 33 miles N. of Nuremberg, with which it is connected by railway. It is partially surrounded by walls and ditches, and is divided by the river into three districts, which are connected by two handsome bridges. The town is well built, and the streets are well paved and lighted. The cathedral, a noble structure in the Byzantine style of architecture, is surpassed by few of the kind in Germany. It was founded in 1004 by the Emperor Henry II, and finished in 1012, but was afterwards partially burnt, and rebuilt in 1110. It contains the tombs of the founder and his empress Kunigunde, Konrad III, Pope Clement II, &c.; and numerous monuments and paintings by the most eminent masters. Among the other public buildings are St Martin's church, the church and convent of St Michael, the palace formerly the residence of the prince-bishops, town-house, and theatre. It has numerous literary and charitable institutions, as the lyceum, gymnasium, polytechnic, normal, and medical schools; library, museum, picture-gallery, hospital, and workhouse. There is a very considerable trade here, and manufactures of cloths, sealing-wax, leather, tobacco, musical instruments, carriages, &c., besides numerous breweries. The Bamberg beer is in much repute. Bamberg was formerly the capital of an independent bishopric, which was secularized in 1801, and assigned to Bavaria in 1803. Pop. (1849) 18,681.