a race, supposed to be descended from the Nogay Tartars, who inhabit the Russian provinces of Ufa and Iekaterinburg, in the governments of Orenburg and Perm respectively. Little is known of their history previous to their submission to the Russian dominion in the reign of Ivan II. They have frequently attempted to revolt, but have for a long time been faithful in their allegiance to the Russian power, to which, as skilful horsemen and archers, they contribute a useful body of auxiliaries. They are but partially civilized; and, though professing Mahometanism, retain traces of their old superstitions. They have little taste for agriculture, and subsist by hunting and the breeding of cattle and bees. A favourite dish with them is a hash of horse-flesh, which they call bichbarmark, or five-finger-dish; and they are greatly addicted to an intoxicating beverage called koumiss, prepared from fermented mare's and camel's milk. They set so little value on the rich gold mines in their territory, that they are left entirely to the industry of Russian miners, who pay a small rent to the proprietors.