GIOVANNI, was born at Bologna in 1443, two years before the murder of his father Annibale, then the chief magistrate of the republic. In 1462 Giovanni contrived to make himself master of the state, which he continued to rule with a stern sway for nearly half a century; but his encouragement of the fine arts, and his decoration of the city by sumptuous edifices, gilded his usurpation. He was finally expelled by Pope Julius II., in 1506, and died in the state of Milan at the age of seventy.

GUIDO, Cardinal, an eminent statesman and historian, was born at Ferrara in 1579. After studying at Padua, he went to reside at Rome, where he became universally esteemed. He was sent as nuncio into Flanders, and afterwards to France; and when he returned to Rome he was intrusted by Louis XIII. with the management of the French affairs at that court. He was the intimate friend of Pope Urban VIII., and on the death of Urban public opinion marked out Bentivoglio for his successor. But on entering the Conclave, the excessive heat of the weather threw him into a fever, of which he died on the 7th of September 1644. He has left several works, the most remarkable of which are, *A History of the Civil Wars of Flanders; An Account of Flanders;* Letters, and Memoirs.