or BERCHTOLSGADEN, a small town, most beautifully situated on the south-eastern confines of Bavaria, and long celebrated for its extensive mines of rock-salt. Fresh water is brought into the mine, which, after acting a certain time upon the salt rock, becomes brine, and in that state is run off in pipes to a reservoir in the vicinity; whence by the aid of two celebrated water column engines, constructed by Reichenbach of Munich, it is raised 1500 feet, and conducted to Traunstein and Rosenheim, about forty miles farther inland. The town contains three old churches, and some good houses. Its inhabitants, amounting to about 1600, are principally employed in the mines and the manufacture of salt. Some few also are engaged in making toys and small articles of stag and chamois horns. Its vicinity comprehends the most picturesque portion of Bavaria; the snow-capped peaks of the Watzman towering over it to the height of 7000 feet, while the Königssee at its foot, one of the wildest lakes among the Alps, is not exceeded by any in beauty and sublimity. The small red trout of the Königssee, called by the common people schwartzerleite, are highly prized; and no portion of the Alpine range is better supplied with game, particularly the stag, the chamois, and the steinbock or ibex, an animal elsewhere almost extinct.