a term in the manège. A horse is said to boar when he shoots out his nose as high as his ears, and tosses his nose in the wind.

a male swine. See Mammalia.

The wild bear, among huntsmen, has several names, according to his different ages. The first year he is called a pig of the saunder; the second, a hog; the third, a hog-steer; and the fourth, a boar. When leaving the saunder, he is called a singler or sanger. The bear generally lives to the age of twenty-five or thirty years, if he escape accidents. The time of rutting is in December, and lasts about three weeks. Wild bears feed on all sorts of fruits, and on the roots of many plants. The root of fern in particular seems a favourite with them; and when they frequent places near the sea-coast, they descend to the shores, and demolish the tender shell-fish in very great numbers. Their general places of rest are among the thickest bushes that can be found; and they are not easily induced to break cover, but will stand at bay a long time. In April and May they sleep more soundly than at any other time of the year; and this is therefore the successful time for taking them in the toils. When a boar is roused out of the thicket, he always leaves it, if possible, by the same way which he entered it; and when he is once up, he will never stop until he reaches some place of greater security. If a snaider of them be found together, and any of their number break away, the rest follow in the same track. When the boar is hunted in the wood where he has been bred, he can scarcely ever be brought to quit it; sometimes indeed he makes towards the sides to listen to the noise of the dogs, but he retires into the middle again, and usually dies or escapes there. When a boar happens to run a-head, he will not be stopped or put off his way by man or beast, as long as he has any strength left. He makes no doubles or crossings when chased; and, if old, utters no sound when killed, though the sows and pigs will squeak when wounded. At his full strength he is one of the most resolute and courageous of animals. His prevailing impulse is to close with his antagonist. When fairly at bay he never shrinks from any contest, however unequal; and, although mortally wounded, he will nevertheless maintain the combat with the most unflinching bravery to the last.

The hinder claws of a boar are called guards. In the corn he is said to feed; in the meadows or fallow-fields, to rout, worm, or fern; in a close, to graze. The boar is furred with his full complement of teeth, which afterwards increase in size, but not in number. Amongst these there are four called tusks or tusks, the two largest of which do not hurt when he strikes, but serve only to whet the other two, with which the beast defends himself, and frequently kills his assailant.