market-town in the east ward of the county of Westmoreland, 271 miles from London. It occupies the site of the Vertene of the Romans, and consists of a long street, divided by a brook which runs into the Eden. The church is a spacious ancient building, with a pulpit formed out of one entire stone. The ruins of the castle, which stands upon a lofty eminence, constitute its most interesting feature. Market-day Thursday. Pop. (1851) 773.

Broughton, Hugh, a learned scholar and divine, was born at Oldbury in Shropshire, in 1549. After receiving the rudiments of his education at a provincial school, he went to Cambridge, where in due time he was chosen a fellow of Christ's College, and took orders in the church. During his career at the university, he laid the foundation of the Hebrew scholarship, for which he was afterwards so distinguished. From Cambridge he went to London, where his eloquence gained him many and powerful friends. In 1588 he published his first work, "a little book of great pains," entitled the Consent of Scriptures. This work was strongly opposed at both the great universities, and the author was obliged to defend it, which he did in a series of lectures. In 1589 he went to Germany, where he frequently engaged in discussions, both with papists and with the learned Jews whom he met at Frankfort and elsewhere. In 1591 he returned to England, and published an Explication of the article of Christ's descent into Hell, which like his last treatise elicited a violent opposition. In 1592 he once more went abroad, and cultivated the acquaintance of the principal scholars of the different countries through which he passed. Such was the esteem in which he was held even by his papist opponents, that he was offered a cardinal's hat if he would renounce the protestant faith; which, however, he declined to do. On the accession of James he returned to England; but not being engaged to co-operate in the new translation of the Bible then begun, he retired to Middleburgh in Holland, where he preached to the English congregation. In 1611 he returned to England, where he died in the following year. Some of his works were collected and published in a large folio volume in 1662, but many of his theological MSS. remain still unedited in the British Museum.

Broukhiusus, or Broekhuizen, Jan, a distinguished scholar, born in 1649 at Amsterdam, where his father was a clerk in the Admiralty. His father dying when he was very young, he was taken from literary pursuits, in which he had made extraordinary progress, and placed with an apothecary at Amsterdam, with whom he lived several years. But not liking the pestle and mortar, he went into the army, where he rose to the rank of lieutenant-captain; and in 1674 he was sent with his regiment to America, in the fleet under Admiral de Ruyter, but returned to Holland the same year. In 1678 he was sent to the garrison at Utrecht, where he contracted a friendship with the celebrated Gravius; and here he had the misfortune to be so deeply implicated in a duel, that, according to the laws of Holland, his life was forfeited; but Gravius wrote immediately to Nicholas Heinsius, who obtained his pardon from the stadtholder. Not long afterwards he became a captain of one of the companies then at Amsterdam; and was thus enabled to pursue his studies at his leisure. His company being disbanded in 1697, he received a pension, upon which he retired to a country-house near Amsterdam. He died in 1707, aged fifty-eight.

As a classical scholar, he is distinguished by his editions of Propertius and Tibullus, the former published in 1702, the latter in 1708. His Carmina were published at Utrecht, 1684, in 12mo; and more splendidly by Van Hoogstraaten, Amsterdam, 1711, 4to. His Dutch poems were also published at Amsterdam, 1712, 8vo, by the same person, with a life prefixed. Broukhiusus also edited the Latin works of Samnazzarius and Palaearius.

Brouncker, William, lord viscount of Castle-Lyons, in Ireland, and the first president of the Royal Society, was the son of Sir William Brouncker, and was born about 1620. He was distinguished by his knowledge of mathematics, and enjoyed various posts of honour and profit after the Restoration; for he was at the same time chancellor to the queen, keeper of the great seal, a commissioner of the navy, and master of St Catherine's Hospital, near the Tower of London. Amongst other works he wrote Experiments on the recoiling of Guns; An algebraical paper upon the squaring of the Hyperbola; and several letters to Dr Usher, archbishop of Armagh. He died in 1684.

Broussa, or Brusa, a city of Turkish Anatolia, capital of the Sanjak of Khodavendigiar, is situated in a fertile plain at the northern foot of Mount Olympus, 57 miles S.S.E. Broussais of Constantinople. Pop. estimated at 60,000. The houses are built of wood, and the numerous minarets give the town a very magnificent appearance from a distance, but the streets are narrow and dark. It is abundantly supplied with water, and has many beautiful fountains. It has a castle, numerous mosques, bazaars, khans, colleges, and several churches and synagogues. Its hot and cold mineral springs have been long celebrated. They vary in temperature up to 184° Fahr. Broussa is one of the first commercial cities of Turkey, and has also extensive manufactures of satins, silks, cottons, carpets, tapestry, &c. The celebrated Arab chief Abd-el-Kader, is now living there (1854) in retirement.