WILLIAM, a celebrated physician, born in Cumberland, March 24, 1711. He studied medicine at London, and afterwards at Leyden, where he graduated as M.D. in 1737. This university was then in its highest splendour; Albinus taught anatomy, Euler mathematics, and the chair of medicine and chemistry was occupied by the accomplished Boerhaave. After a long and happy residence at Leyden, he returned to his native country, married, and settled in Whitehaven. He published his inaugural dissertation De Praxi medici inexacta, &c., Lugd. Bat. 1737; and a treatise on the Art of making Common Salt, printed at London in 1748, 8vo, which procured for him the addition of F.R.S.; also An Enquiry concerning the Mineral Elastic Spirit contained in the Water of Spa in Germany, which obtained the Copley gold medal; and, lastly, a treatise On the Means of Preventing the Communication of Pestilential Contagion, 1771. A few years before his death he retired to his seat at Ormesthwaite, near Keswick, where he died, Jan. 6, 1800, at the age of eighty-eight.