ANTHONY FREDERICK, an eminent geographer, born at Stadtthagen in Westphalia, Sept. 27, 1724. In his youth he laboured under peculiar disadvantages, till fortunately a clergyman of the name of Hauber, pleased with the promising talents of the young man, undertook to give him gratuitous instruction, and afterwards supplied him with the means of continuing his studies at Halle. There, by his application to learning, and his irreproachable conduct, he acquired numerous friends, and was appointed tutor in the family of the Count de Lynar, who was then going as ambassador to St Petersburg. On this journey he became sensible of the defective state of geographical science, and resolved to devote his life to its improvement. He withdrew as soon as possible from the Count's family, and went to reside at Copenhagen, devoting himself entirely to this new pursuit. In 1752 he published a Description of the Counties of Sleswig and Holstein, a work that was much approved. He soon after removed to Göttingen, and married Christiana Dilthey, a young lady of great accomplishments, and the author of a volume of poems. Here, on account of a work which appeared to dissent from some of the Lutheran tenets, he was excluded from the theological chair, for which he had become a candidate. The chagrin occasioned by this disappointment induced him to accept an invitation to the German congregation at St Petersburg. He was employed there, also, in organizing a school, which, under his auspices, soon became one of the most flourishing in the north. This school was superintended by Marshal Munich, who at first showed great favour to Busching; but in consequence of the marshal's unreasonable exactions, Busching announced his intention of returning to Germany. The empress expressed much dissatisfaction at the conduct of Munich, and made high offers to Busching if he would remain; but his resolution was made, and returning to Germany, he went to reside at Altona. Next year, however, he was called to superintend an extensive educational establishment, which had been formed at Berlin under the auspices of Frederick the Great. His writings and example gave a new impulse to education throughout Prussia. He superintended the progress of every pupil, and inspected the minutest details connected with the prosperity of the institution. He also gave lectures on the history of the arts and sciences. This labour did not interrupt the composition of his numerous works. He continued to prosecute his academical labours till a dropsy, under which he had long suffered, terminated his life on the 28th May 1793. Busching was twice married. By the first marriage he had two children, who survived him; by the second he had six, who, except one, all died in infancy.

Few authors, even in Germany, have produced a greater number of works than Busching. The entire number, as enumerated by Meusel in his Lexicon of German Authors, amounts to more than a hundred. They may all be classed under the following heads: 1. Geography and History; 2. Education; 3. Religion; 4. Biography. The first class comprehends those upon which his fame chiefly rests. He possessed not, indeed, the geographical genius, if we may so speak, of D'Anville; but he may be regarded as the creator of modern Statistics. Devoid of the ornaments of style, his works, from their nature, are rather useful to consult than profitable to read. His great work is the Neue Erdbeschreibung, New Geographical Description of the Globe. The first four parts, which comprehend Europe, were published in four successive volumes, from 1754 to 1761, and have been translated into all the European languages. They appeared in English with a preface by Murdoch, in six volumes 4to, London, 1762. He published also, in 1768, the fifth part, being the first volume upon Asia, containing Asiatic Turkey and Arabia. It displays an immense extent of research, and is generally considered as his masterpiece.

Busching was also the editor of a valuable collection entitled Magazine for the History and Geography of Modern Times, 22 vols. 4to, 1767-88; also of a Journal appropriated to the Notice of Maps, Berlin, 1773-87.

The elementary works on education published by Busching are very numerous, and have long held a distinguished place, even in a country so eminent as Germany, in this branch of literature. His theological writings are not much esteemed. In biography he wrote a number of articles for the Historical Magazine; also A Collection of Biography, in six volumes, 1783-9, including a very elaborate life of Frederick the Great.

BUSI, PAUL, the first bishop of Bristol, was born in 1490. He became a student in the university of Oxford about 1513, and five years later took the degree of B.A. He afterwards became a brother of the order called bonhommes; of which, after studying some time among the friars of St Austin, now Wadham College, he was elected provincial. In that station he had lived many years, when, on account of his great knowledge in divinity and physic, he was appointed chaplain to Henry VIII., and in 1542 to the newly erected episcopal see of Bristol. In consequence of his marriage, he was, on the accession of Mary, deprived of his dignity, and spent the remainder of his life in a private station at Bristol, where he died in 1558. Wood says that Bush, while a student at Oxford, was numbered among the celebrated poets of that university.

He wrote, 1. An Exhortation to Margaret Burgess, wife to John BURGESS, clothier, of King's Wood, in the county of Wilts. London, printed in the reign of Edward VI. 8vo. 2. Notes on the Psalms. 3. Treatise in Praise of the Cross. 4. Answer to certain Questions concerning the abuse of the Mass, Records, No. 25. 5. Dialogues between Christ and the Virgin Mary. 6. Treatise of Sweets and Curing Remedies. 7. A Little Treatise, called the Expiration of Ignorance. 8. Carmina diversa.