a principality of Hanover, in the arrondissement of Hanover, bounded north by Hoya and Lüneburg; east by Lüneburg and Hildesheim; south by Brunswick; west by Lippe-Detmold, Pyrmont, Schaumburg, and Schauburg-Lippe. Area 1050 square miles. The northern part is flat and covered with patches of moorland, the southern part is hilly, with broad and fertile valleys intervening. It is traversed by the Weser and the Leine, and derives its name from the ancient Castle of Calenberg on the Leine, once a princely residence, but now in ruins. The chief town in the principality is Hanover. Pop. 19,300.