a town of Hindustan, in the province of Guzerat, situated on the river Myhee, at the upper part of the Gulf of Cambay, and supposed to be the Camanes of Ptolemy. It was formerly a very flourishing city, the seat of an extensive trade and celebrated for its manufactures of silk, chintz, and gold stuffs; but its commerce has long since fallen away, and the town has become poor and dilapidated. Among the causes assigned for its decay is the gradually increasing difficulty of access to the town by water. The tides rise upwards of thirty feet, and at high water ships anchor near the town, but at low water the river seems almost dry, yet with so rapid a current, that if a vessel take the ground it must inevitably overset. The trade has in consequence decreased, and is now chiefly confined to the export of cotton. The town is celebrated for its agates and carnelians, which are there cut and polished, and wrought into a great variety of trinkets. The chief demand for these ornaments is from China. The houses in many instances are built of stone, a circumstance indicating the former wealth and grandeur of the city, as the quarries from which the material was hewn are situated at a very considerable distance. A brick wall, three miles in circumference, surrounds the town, including four large reservoirs of good water, and three bazaars. To the S.E. of the town there are very extensive ruins of subterranean temples and other buildings half buried in the sand, with which the ancient town was overwhelmed. These temples belong to the Jains, and contained two massive statues of their deities, the one black, the other white. The principal one, as the inscription intimates, is Pariswanath, or Parswanatha, carved and consecrated in the reign of the Emperor Akbar; the black one has the date of 1651 inscribed. It is supposed that Cambay about the fifth century was the capital of the Hindu emperors of Western India; and Osorio, a Portuguese writer of the sixteenth century, says, that when Francis D'Almeida landed near Cambay, he saw the ruins of sumptuous buildings and temples, which seemed to be the remains of an ancient city. In 1780 it was taken possession of by the army of General Goddard, and restored to the Mahrattas in 1783, who imposed on the Nawab a tribute of L.6000 per annum, and was afterwards ceded to the British by the Peishwa under the treaty of 1803. The military esta- Cambayes establishment of the Nawab consists of 1700 horse and foot, who are employed indiscriminately in revenue, police, and miscellaneous duties. A few pieces of ordnance complete the military resources of the chief. Cambay is distant north from Bombay 230 miles. N. Lat. 22.18., E. Long. 72.39.

The Gulf of Cambay, which is shallow, and abounds in shoals and sand-banks, penetrates the N.W. coast of India in the province of Guzerat about 80 miles. It is supposed that the depth of water in this gulf has been decreasing for more than two centuries past. The tides, which are very high, run into it with amazing velocity, but at low water the bottom is left nearly dry for some distance below the latitude of the town of Cambay. It is, however, an important inlet, being the channel by which the valuable produce of central Guzerat and the British districts of Ahmedabad and Broach is sent. The gulf extends between N. Lat. 21.—22.10., E. Long. 71.50.—72.40.