Augustin Pyramus de, a celebrated botanist, born at Geneva in 1788, was descended from one of the most ancient families of Provence, who had been expatriated for their religion. His father was a famous printer, and syndic of the university and republic. De Candolle began his studies at the college of Geneva, by attending the courses of Saussure and Vaucher, the latter of whom first inspired him with a love of botanical science. In 1795, when Geneva lost her independence, he removed to Paris, where he soon gained the friendship of Jussieu and Desfontaines. His first productions, *Historia Plantarum Suculentarum,* and *Astragologia,* introduced him to the notice of Cuvier (whose chair in the Collège de France he supplied in 1802), Humboldt, Biot, and Lamarck, who afterwards confided to him the publication of the third edition of the *Flora Francaise.* Having been elected doctor of medicine by the medical faculty of Paris, he wrote, as an inaugural work, the *Essai sur les propriétés médicinales des Plantes comparées avec leur classification naturelle,* and soon after, in 1806, his *Synopsis plantarum in Flora Gallica descriptarum.* At the desire of the French government he spent a considerable part of the following six years, during which he was professor at Montpellier, in making a botanical and agricultural survey of the whole kingdom; the results of which he published in 1813. From Montpellier he removed to Geneva in 1816, having been invited by the now independent republic to fill the newly created chair of natural history. The rest of his life was spent in an attempt to construct a new system of botanical classification. The results of his labours in this department are to be found in 2 vols. of his *Regni vegetabilis systema naturale,* and in 7 vols. of the *Prodromus systematis regni vegetabilis.* He died in 1842 at Turin, whither he had gone to attend a scientific reunion, having completed only about two-thirds of his proposed task, which has, however, been continued by his son.

**CANDY.** See KANDY.

**CANDY,** or **Sugar Candy,** a preparation of sugar made by melting and crystallizing it six or seven times, to render it hard and transparent.

**CANDYING,** the method of preserving fruits, &c. in substance, by boiling them in sugar.