or KARAMANIA, an extensive district on the southern coast of Asia Minor, comprising on its eastern portion a large tract of fertile table-land, and possessing a coast-line nearly 400 miles long. Its limits do not seem to be very well defined, and are doubly indistinct, as not being coincident with the great natural features of the country. The only distinctly marked boundary is the coast-line, consisting of two large rounded headlands, and the intervening bays. It presents a high and precipitous front to the sea. In ancient times it was interspersed with towns of considerable importance; but is now almost deserted, and its inaccessible cliffs are the haunts of pirates. The interior of the country is mountainous, but many of the hills are wooded, and the inclosed valleys afford abundant pasturage. In the eastern district of Adana agriculture is prosecuted with care and success; but elsewhere, owing to the indolence of the inhabitants and the oppressive rule of the Turks, scarcely any attempt is made to develop the resources of the province. It is divided into several administrative districts. The principal towns are Konia, Caraman, and Adana. See Beaufort's *Karamania*.