maritime province in the S.W. corner of Asia Minor. The boundaries of the kingdom, as possessed by the original Carians, seem to have undergone rapid changes with the advancement of Dorian and Ionian colonization on the coast. Accordingly the earlier geographers assign it a much larger territory than those who wrote at a later period. The principal encroachment seems to have been made in the north, where the Ionian settlers possessed the Carian entirely of the plain between the Messogis range and the Maeander, which from that time forward became the northern boundary of Caria. The Dorian immigrants contented themselves with seizing on the islands and part of the sea-coast, which however still remained as the great natural boundary of the Carian province. The eastern frontier is distinctly marked by the range of Mount Cadmus; and the river Calbis, near the left bank of which stood Calynda, the frontier town according to Strabo, sufficiently divides the province from Lycia on the south. The interior of the country consisted chiefly of a fertile plain, inclosed by the Maeander and the Messogis hills, and several smaller valleys inclosed by the ridges which stretch from the eastern boundary in a south-westerly direction to the sea, and are prolonged in the various peninsulas and islands on the coast. Beyond the cultivation of the olive and vine, and the tending of their flocks of sheep on the highlands, the Carians paid little attention to agricultural pursuits. They served like the modern Swiss as mercenaries to almost all their more powerful neighbours; and while indifferent to everything but their pay, they were generally planted in the front of the battle, and fought with the greatest bravery. Their mercenary character in ancient times, however, gave rise to several proverbs in which cheapness, rudeness, and treachery were associated with the Carian name. In Care periculum indicated headless daring. Cum Care Carissa was a common mode of designating clownish behaviour. The islands on the coast were too widely scattered, and too much exposed to the powerful maritime states in the neighbourhood, to remain long in connection with an oppressed people on the mainland; but must have afforded admirable shelter to the Carians when they were the pirates of the Ægean. Syme alone remained faithful to the continental interest. Of the Carian ancestry very conflicting accounts have come down to us from antiquity. They piqued themselves in being an aboriginal people, but their Cretan rivals gloried in affirming that they had been once subjects of the great Minos. They seem originally to have been extensively scattered over the islands of the Ægean, and to have been confined within, if not actually driven to, their possessions on the mainland by the flood of Dorian and Ionian colonies, which seized on every convenient point for maritime settlements. According to Thucydides, their characteristic armour was to be seen in the graves of Delos; while vestiges of a totally distinct, although perhaps an allied people, were to be found... on the mainland which afterwards went by their name. If these native Pelasgi were dispossessed by the Carian fugitives, they themselves shared the same fate at the hands of the Dorian and Ionian colonies, and the enterprising Rhodians, who stripped them respectively of Cnidus and Halicarnassus, Mycale and Miletus, Peræa, and what was afterwards called the Rhodian Chersonese. Notwithstanding the presence of these invaders in their territory, the Carians still enjoyed a large measure of independence, retaining their own dialect, and preserving their own political constitution. Their Chrysoneum or convention met in the interior at the temple of Zeus Chryseus and settled their private affairs, even after the surrounding districts had yielded to a foreign yoke. The Persians, who, not without a protracted contest, reduced them to obedience after the Ionian revolt, pushed their conquests no farther than to establish a line of native princes, who ruled at Halicarnassus, and were dependent on the Persian crown. On the approach of Alexander the Great, Ada the rightful queen vindicated her claim to Grecian descent by detaching herself from the Persian interest, and was rewarded for her allegiance with the throne of Caria. Her descendants did not fare as well from the subsequent Macedonian princes, who established themselves in her dominions, and paved the way for their occupation by Antiochus the Great. On the rise of the Roman power in Asia Minor, the district of Caria was dismembered and partitioned between Eumenes, king of Pergamus, and the Rhodians, and soon after incorporated with the Roman province of Asia. On the fall of the Eastern empire it passed into the hands of the Turks.