a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Elbogen, on the Teple, near the junction with the Eger, 70 miles W.N.W. of Prague. It is situated in a narrow valley between steep granite mountains, and consists chiefly of lodging-houses and hotels for the accommodation of visitors, but has also some good shops and private houses, a theatre, hospital, reading-rooms, &c. Carlsbad is the most aristocratic watering-place in Europe. It is most frequented from the middle of June to the middle of August, and the number of visitors averages 5000. The permanent population is only about 3000. The springs differ but little from each other in their component parts, the principal ingredients being sulphate of soda, carbonate of soda, and common salt. The principal springs are the Sprudel, Muhlbrunnen, Neu-brunnen, and Theresienbrunnen, having respectively a temperature of 165°, 138°, 147°, and 132° Fahr. They are said to have been discovered during a hunting excursion, by the Emperor Charles IV., to whom a statue has been erected in the market-place. The resident inhabitants make many curious articles in iron, steel, tin, and wood, for which they find a ready market during the season.