religious order, founded by St Bruno in the year 1084. (See Bruno.) The Carthusians, so called from the desert of Chartreuse near Grenoble, the place of their institution, are remarkable for the austerity of their rules. They may not quit their cells, except to go to church, nor speak to any person without leave of their superior. Their beds are of straw, covered with a felt; their clothing consists of two hair-cloths, two cowls, two pairs of hose, and a cloak, all of coarse texture. In the refectory they are enjoined to keep their eyes on the dish, their hands on the table, their attention on the reader, and their hearts fixed on God. Bruno had given no particular rule to his disciples. Their code was first established in 1228, and was printed, with various additions and modifications, in 1581, under the title of The Rule of Chartreux. It was reprinted a century afterwards, and confirmed in 1682 by Innocent XI. In the middle of the eighteenth century, this order possessed in the several states of Europe 172 houses, divided into 16 provinces, each of which had two visitors. In this number were included four nunneries. There have been several canonized saints of this order, six cardinals, two patriarchs, fifteen archbishops, forty-nine bishops, and a great many very learned writers. They are a branch of the great order of Benedictines. The Charter House in London was a Carthusian monastery.