a celebrated Athenian general, who first assumed the command about the year B.C. 392. He defeated the Spartans at Aegina (B.C. 388), and again at Naxos (B.C. 376). With Iphicrates and Callistratus he commanded at Corcyra, and repulsed Epaminondas before the walls of Corinth. In 366 B.C. he was charged with treachery in advising the surrender of Oropus to the Thebans, and is said to have been defended by Plato. His unpopularity on this account led him to prefer a foreign command under Tachos, king of Egypt, who had revolted from the Persians. On the breaking out of the Social War (B.C. 357), Chabrias assumed the command of the Athenian fleet, and fell fighting in his ship, which had rashly penetrated the harbour of Chios. He was famous for the invention of a manoeuvre, which consisted in receiving a charge on the left knee, with the spears of the front ranks pointed against the enemy, and the shields resting on the ground. For this invention a statue was erected to his honour at Athens, in which he is represented in the position described.

CHERONEIA, a Boeotian town on the Thermodon, a small tributary of the Cephissus, near the borders of Phocis. It is celebrated in history as having been the scene of three great battles, the first (B.C. 447) in which the Athenians were defeated by the Boeotians; the second (B.C. 388) in which Philip defeated the confederate forces of the Athenians and Boeotians; and the third (B.C. 86) in which Sulla defeated the generals of Mithridates. A tumulus still visible near the site of the modern Kapurna, marks the grave of the Boeotians who fell in the second of these engagements, and in the village itself are some remains of an ancient citadel, and a theatre excavated out of the rock on which the citadel was built. Cheroneia was the birthplace of Plutarch.