a city in the state of Ohio, North America, capital of the county of Hamilton, on the north side of the Ohio river, 113 miles S.W. of Columbus; Lat. 39° 5' 54" N., Long. 84° 27' W. It was founded in 1789 by emigrants from New England and New Jersey, and incorporated in 1819. Pop. in 1800, 750; in 1830, 24,831; in 1840, 46,383; in 1850, 115,436. This is the largest inland city of the United States, and in point of population ranks sixth. It stands near the eastern extremity of a pleasant valley about 12 miles in circumference, surrounded by hills, and divided into two nearly equal parts by the Ohio. The ground on which the city is built consists of two plains, one about 60 feet above the other. Except along the margin of the river, the city is regularly laid out, the streets crossing each other at right angles, many of them adorned with fine edifices, and beautifully shaded with trees. It contains about 80 churches, many of them elegant buildings, 3 colleges, 4 medical schools, a law school, a female college, several female seminaries, 6 classical and numerous public schools; besides various libraries, and literary, philosophical, and charitable institutions. Among the public buildings are several public halls, the county and city courts, mercantile exchange, observatory, museum, 4 theatres, gas and water works, &c. The manufactures of Cincinnati are very varied, embracing almost every branch of industrial employment. There are numerous distilleries, breweries, tanneries, soap-works, foundries, iron-works, provision-curing establishments, &c. The total number of the manufacturing and industrial establishments in the city was about 3400, employing about 32,850 persons. Cincinnati is very favourably situated for commerce, being on the banks of the Ohio, and having railroads and canals extending in every direction. The Miami canal and the Ohio division of the Wabash and Erie canal connect the Ohio with Lake Erie, a distance of 251 miles. The Little Miami railroad and its branch-lines to Cleveland (255 miles); the Cincinnati Hamilton and Dayton, and its branch-lines to Sandusky (218 miles); and a number of others, completed or in progress, render Cincinnati the chief centre of the railroad system of the Western States. It has direct railway communication with every lake-port from Chicago to Niagara; with Albany, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore; and will soon be connected with Charleston, Savannah, Mobile, New Orleans, and St Louis. It has also telegraphic communication with every large city from Maine to Florida, and from the Atlantic to beyond the Mississippi. The river trade is carried only chiefly in steam-boats with New Orleans, Pittsburg, St Louis, and other ports. The arrivals of steam-boats during the year ended 31st August 1852, amounted to 3675, of which 219 were from New Orleans, 574 from Pittsburg, and 218 from St Louis. The departures during that year were 3611; of which 326 were for New Orleans, 498 for Pittsburg, and 241 for St Louis. The shipping owned within the district in 1850 was 17,181 tons, of which 16,906 were propelled by steam. A detailed account of the trade and commerce of Cincinnati in 1852 will be found in Hunt's Merchants' Magazine for November 1852. The city is governed by a mayor, recorder, and three councillors for each of the seven wards into which the city is divided. It has a separate judiciary, and also a commercial court, specially instituted to try causes arising between merchants. There are 8 daily newspapers in Cincinnati, all of which issue weekly editions, and 1 a tri-weekly edition, 22 weekly papers, 1 semi-monthly, and 14 monthly periodicals. Near the city are two beautiful suburban villages, Mount Auburn and Walnut Hills; the latter being the seat of Lane Seminary, a theological institution. under the New School Presbyterians. Four miles N.W. of the city are 2 fine cemeteries, the one occupying about 100, and the other 40 acres. In the vicinity of Cincinnati the cultivation of the vine is extensively carried on, for which the soil and climate are well adapted.—(See Gazetteer of United States, 1853; De Bow's Resources of the South and West, 1853; Hunt's Magazine, &c.)