Robert, D.D. (1695–1758), a distinguished prelate and member of the Royal and Antiquarian Societies of London. He was advanced to the bishopric of Killala in 1729, translated to the see of Cork in 1735, and to that of Clogher in 1745. His preferment, in spite of his Arian opinions, was chiefly owing to the influence of his friends at court; but having ventured to propose in the House of Lords that the Nicene and Athanasian creeds should be expunged from the liturgy, a prosecution was ordered against him by the crown. He died, however, on the day fixed for the opening of the trial.

His publications are, 1. A Letter in the Philosophical Transactions, No. 461, p. 813, giving an account of a Frenchman seventy years old (at Inishanag, in his diocese of Cork), who said he gave suck to a child; 2. The Chronology of the Hebrew Bible vindicated, 1751, 4to; 3. An impartial Inquiry into the time of the coming of the Messiah, 1751, 8vo; 4. An Essay on Spirit, 1751, 8vo; 5. A Vindication of the Histories of the Old and New Testaments, in answer to the Objections of Lord Bolingbroke, in two Letters to a young Nobleman, 1752, 8vo; 6. A Defence of the Essay on Spirit, with Remarks on the several pretended Answers, 1753, 8vo; 7. A Journal from Grand Cairo to Moses Sinai, and back again, translated from a manuscript written by the priests of Egypt, containing a series of prophecies de propria fide at Grand Cairo; to which are added, Remarks on the Origin of Hieroglyphics, and the Mythology of the ancient Heathens, 1753, 8vo; 8. Some Thoughts on Self-love, Innate Ideas, Free-will, Taste, Sentiments, Liberty and Necessity, occasioned by reading Mr. Hume's Works, and the short Treatise written in French by Lord Bolingbroke on Compassion, 1754, 8vo; 9. A Vindication of the Histories of the Old and New Testaments, Part II., adorned with several Explanatory Cuts, 1754, 8vo; 10. Letters between the Bishop of Clogher and Mr. William Penn, concerning Baptism, 1755, 8vo; 11. A speech delivered in the House of Lords in Ireland, on Monday, 2d February 1756, for admitting the Nicene and Athanasian Creeds out of the Liturgy, 1756, 8vo; 12. A Vindication, Part III., 1756, 8vo.

CLAZOMENÆ (Kelissman), a town of Ionia, and a member of the Ionian Dodecapolis, on the gulf of Smyrna, about 20 miles from that city in a S.W. direction. It stood originally on the isthmus connecting the mainland with the peninsula on which were Erythrae and other towns of note; but the inhabitants, alarmed by the encroachments of the Persians, abandoned the continent and removed to one of the small islands of the bay, and there established their city in security. This island was connected with the mainland by Alexander the Great by means of a pier, the remains of which are still visible. Though Clazomenæ was not in existence before the arrival of the Ionians in Asia, its original founders were only partly Ionians, the great proportion being Phliasians and Cleonaeans. It remained for some time subject to the Athenians, but about the middle of the Peloponnesian war it revolted. After a brief resistance, however, it again acknowledged the Athenian supremacy, and repelled the Lacedaemonians when they attempted to gain possession of the town. Under the Romans Clazomenæ was included in the province of Asia, and enjoyed immortality. Anaxagoras the philosopher was born here c.e. 499.