a city of Venezuela and capital of a cognominal province, stands on the gulf of Cariaque, at the mouth of the Manzanares. It is the oldest European city in South America, having been founded by Diego Castellon in 1523. It was almost totally destroyed by the terrible earthquake of 1766. The houses are generally low and flat, and have a poor appearance; but the style of building has recently been much improved. Cumana possesses a capacious roadstead, and presents great facilities for obtaining provisions. The principal exports consist of cattle, smoked meat, and dried fish. Pop. 9000.