(the *Durnovaria* of the Romans), a par- liamentary and municipal borough and market-town of Eng- land, capital of the county of Dorset, situated on an eminence on the right bank of the Frome, 8 miles N. of Weymouth, and 120 miles from London by railway. It is governed by a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors, and returns two members to parliament. Pop. of burgh (1851) 6394. Registered electors (1851-52), 482. The town, consist- ing chiefly of three spacious streets, is neat and pleasantly situated, and is nearly surrounded by a fine avenue. St Peter's church is an ancient edifice in the perpendicular style, containing some curious monuments. The grammar-school has two exhibitions to St John's College, Cambridge, and one to either university. Of the other public buildings the principal are, the town-hall, with market-house, shire- hall, county jail and house of correction, theatre, and county hospital. The cavalry barracks in the vicinity may also be noticed. There are also several almshouses and other charities, and a savings-bank. Market-days, Wednesday and Saturday. Its woollen manufacture was once consider- able; but it is now noted principally for its ale. Dorches- ter is a place of considerable trade, and large sheep and lamb fairs are held here annually. The borough includes four parishes, All-Saints, St Peter's, Holy Trinity, and For- dington. In the vicinity there are some interesting Roman remains, including an amphitheatre, the most perfect of its kind in England. The seats for the spectators are formed Dorchester of masses of chalk, rising 30 feet above the arena. This amphitheatre when perfect is supposed to have been capa- ble of accommodating 13,000 spectators. Durnovaria was one of the principal stations in England of the Romans, by whom it was surrounded with a wall and fosse; part of the former having been standing as late as 1802. Here Judge Jeffries's "bloody assize" was held in September 1685.

(the ancient *Durocina*), a village, formerly a market-town of Oxfordshire, situated at the junction of the Thame with the Thames, 50 miles from London. In 685 it was made the seat of a bishopric, which was removed to Lincoln in 1086. The church is a curious old building in the Norman and later styles; it has a leaden font said to be the most ancient of its kind in England; four brasses, effigies of bishops; and a window of richly painted glass, representing the genealogy of Christ from Jesse. Numerous Roman remains have been found in the vicinity.

**DORDOGNE,** an inland department in the S.E. of France, taking its name from its principal river the Dor- dogne, and formed out of the old province of Périgord, with a small portion of Limousin. It is bounded on the N. by Haute Vienne, W. by Charente and Charente-Inférieure, S.W. by Gironde, S. by Lot-et-Garonne, and E. by Lot and Corrèze. It extends from 44° 35' to 45° 42', N. Lat., and from 0° 0' to 1° 28', E. Long., being about 77 miles in length from N. to S., and 69 in breadth from E. to W. In extent it is only exceeded by the departments of Gironde and Landes, its area being 2,261,781 acres, or 3534 square miles. It is divided into five arrondissements, with cantons, communes, and population, as follows:

| Canton | Communes | Pop. 1851 | |--------|----------|-----------| | Bergerac | 13 | 187 | 116,748 | | Neutron | 8 | 87 | 86,607 | | Ribérac | 7 | 93 | 73,177 | | Sarlat | 10 | 146 | 116,920 |

This department belongs almost wholly to the basin of the Dordogne; and, though it has no mountains properly so called, it is very hilly, the greater part of it being covered by low projections of the Limousin and Auvergne mountains. The highest elevations are in the S.E., but even there they do not exceed 650 feet in height. Dordogne is formed by the union of two mountain streams, the Dor and the Dogné, which rise in Mont d'Or, Puy-de-Dôme, and unite after a short course. It flows westward through the departments of Corrèze, Lot, Dordogne, and Gironde, and after a course of 250 miles (for 180 miles of which it is navigable), joins the Garonne 13 miles N. of Bordeaux. Its principal af- fluent are the Vézère and the Isle, both of which are in this department. The climate is on the whole agreeable and healthy, but rather humid, the winter and spring being generally rainy. The prevailing winds are from the north and west. A great part of the department consists of arid heaths and wastes incapable of cultivation. Sufficient corn, however, is grown for home consumption. About one-tenth of its entire surface is taken up in the cultivation of the vine. Its red and white wines are in high repute. In the forests the prevailing trees are the oak and the chestnut. The fruit of the latter is much used both as food by the people and for fattening hogs. The walnut is extensively cultivated for making oil. The truffles of this department are considered the best in France. Dordogne is rich in various kinds of minerals, as iron, copper, lead, manganese, coal, marble, alabaster, lithographic stones, gypsum, &c. The chief branches of industry are the working in metals, particularly iron and steel, and the manufacture of paper. Dordogne also produces coarse woollens, serges, leather, earthenware, hosiery, beer, brandy, &c. The language is a patois of French and Provençal. Doria, Andrea, the famous Genoese admiral, was born at Oneglia in 1466. He entered into the service of Francis I. of France, and commanded his fleet in the Mediterranean, but preserved that spirit of independence which is so natural to a sailor and a republican. When the French, however, attempted to render Savona, long the object of jealousy to Genoa, its rival in trade, Doria remonstrated in a high tone against the measure; and this bold action, represented by the malice of the courtiers in the most odious light, irritated Francis to such a degree that he ordered his admiral Barbézieux to sail for Genoa, then in the hands of the French troops, to arrest Dorin, and to seize his galleys. But Dorin got a timely hint of this rash order; retired with all his galleys to a place of safety; and, whilst his resentment was warm, closed with the offers of the emperor Charles V., returned his commission with the collar of St Michael to Francis, and hoisted the imperial colours. To deliver his country, now weary alike of the French and the imperial yoke, from the dominion of foreigners, was Dorin's highest ambition; and the favourable moment had presented itself. Genoa was afflicted with the pestilence, the French garrison was ill paid and greatly reduced, and the inhabitants were sufficiently disposed to second his views. He sailed to the harbour with thirteen galleys, landed five hundred men, and made himself master of the gates and the palace with very little resistance. The French governor with his feeble garrison retired to the citadel, but was soon forced to capitulate; upon which the people speedily levelled the citadel with the ground. It was now in Dorin's power to have rendered himself the sovereign of his country; but, with a magnanimity of which there are few examples, he assembled the people in the court before the palace, disclaimed all pre-eminence, and recommended to them to settle what form of government they chose to establish. The people, animated by his spirit, forgot their factions, and fixed that form of government which, with little variation, subsisted until 1515. Dorin afterwards engaged in an expedition against the Turks, from whom he took Coron and Patras. He also co-operated with Charles V. in the reduction of Tunis and Goulette. In 1547 two successive attempts were made against his life by Fieschi and a Genoese emigrant of the name of Giulio Cibo. He resigned his command in 1556, and died at Genoa in November 1560, being then ninety-four years of age. He is still celebrated in Genoa by the most honourable of all appellations, the Father of his Country, and the Restorer of its Liberty.

DORIAN or DORIC Mode, in Music, one of the most ancient Greek modes or scales. It was equivalent to d, e, f, g, a, b, c, d, in which the two semitones occur between the second and third, and the sixth and seventh notes.