Jean, a French writer, best known as the translator of Juvenal, was born at Chartres, Dec. 28, 1728. He studied first at La Flèche, and afterwards at Paris; and having obtained the situation of a commissary in the gendarmerie, he served under the Marshal de Richelieu, in Hanover, during the seven years' war. At the age of twenty-one he was admitted a member of the academy at Nancy; and in 1770 he published his translation of Juvenal. This work procured him admission into the Academy of Inscriptions; and he was also appointed ordinary secretary to the Duke of Orleans.

For some years he quietly prosecuted his literary occupations at Paris; but, upon the breaking out of the Revolution, his enthusiastic disposition led him to adopt its principles; and he took part in the debates of the legislative assembly. He spoke and voted, however, at all times for moderate measures; and, on several occasions, he was employed to calm the passions of the people during public tumults. At the memorable sitting of the convention 15th Jan. 1793, he voted that the king should be detained in custody during the war, and banished on the return of peace. It is rather remarkable, that when the committee of public safety wished to send him to the scaffold, his pardon was obtained by Marat, who represented him as an old dotard, incapable of becoming dangerous. He became president of the council of ancients in July 1796, but left it in 1798. At the sitting of 27th April, he took leave of the assembly in a speech which was ordered to be printed. He died March 16, 1799, after a long and painful illness.

Dussaulx was a man of considerable literary attainments, and amiable, upright, and disinterested in his conduct. His translation of Juvenal is esteemed the best version of that poet in the French language. His other works are, Mémoires sur les Satiriques Latins; Lettres et Réflexions sur la forceur du Jeu, auxquelles on a joint une autre Lettre Morale, Paris, 1775; Discours sur la Passion du Jeu dans les différents Siècles; De la Passion du Jeu, depuis les temps anciens jusqu'à nos jours, 1773, 8vo; Vie de l'Abbé Rionnet, prefixed to the Apologie ouvr. Tales of that author, Paris, 1784, 8vo; De l'Immersion Perfection, &c. de la prière de la Bénédicité, Paris, 1786; Lettres à un Général de l'Armée de la République, adressées à M. le Marquis de Bonneval, Paris, 1792, 2 vols. 8vo; De mes Rapports avec Jean-Joseph Rousseau, &c., Paris, 1798, 8vo; a curious work, which throws considerable light on the character of that celebrated man. Marie-Jeanne Lefrançais, the widow of Dussaulx, published memoirs of his life, which are exceedingly interesting. See also Palissot, Mémoires sur la Littérature; et Biographie Universelle.

DÜSSELDORF, formerly capital of the duchy of Berg, but now of a cognominal government in Rhinish Prussia. It is situated at the confluence of the Düssel with the Rhine, 22 miles north from Cologne. The old town of Düsseldorf existed previously to 1288, when it became a municipal town. In 1815 it was annexed with the whole duchy to the Prussian dominions. It was at one time a considerable fortress, but after having been bombarded by the French in 1794, the fortifications were destroyed at the peace of Luneville in 1802. One of the wings of the old castle, however, has been rebuilt, and contained down to 1805 the collection of paintings which is now at Munich. It is divided into three quarters, viz. the Altstadt, Neustadt, and Carlstadt; the last deriving its name from Charles Theodore, the elector Palatine, who projected a variety of improvements in the town. The streets are generally spacious, and the suburbs are laid out in ornamental pleasuregrounds. The Hof-garten is one of the finest in Germany. In the market-place is an equestrian statue of Johann Wilhelm the elector; and a marble statue of the same individual adorns the courtyard of the old electoral palace. The principal public buildings of Düsseldorf are the governor's palace, the town-hall, courts of law, observatory, library, and churches. Of these last the oldest is St Andrew's. In it, and in the church of St Lambert, are monuments of the former princes of Düsseldorf. A native school of art has arisen since 1828, and is peculiarly vigorous in the department of historical painting. Düsseldorf derives its mercantile importance from its position on the Rhine, and serves as a port to the various manufacturing districts of the duchy. Manufactures—woolens, cottons, leather, ironware, jewellery, &c. Its principal trade is in raw produce, coals, and timber. It has constant communications by steamers on the Rhine, and also by railways, with various parts of Germany. Pop. (1851) 27,762.