JOHANN GOTTFRIED, celebrated for his works on biblical criticism, was born in 1762, at Dürrenzimmern, in the principality of Hohenlohe-Oehringen. After having been for some time rector at Ohrduff, he was in 1775 appointed professor of oriental languages at Jena, and in 1788 professor of philosophy at Göttingen, where he died in 1827. His principal works are the Introductions to the Old Testament, 3 vols. 1780-83—to the Apocryphal Books, 4 vols. 1795—and to the New Testament, 1 vol. 1804; Universal Repertory of Biblical Literature, 10 vols. 1787-1810; History of the World, 5 vols. 1799-1814; History of the three last centuries, 6 vols. 1803; History of the Nineteenth Century, 1 vol. 1817; History of Literature, 12 vols. 1805-12; and on the Hebrew Prophets.