among the ancient Greeks and Romans, a costly kind of ear-ring set with large pearls.

in Logic, called by the Latins argumentum, a syllogism used to refute an adversary. Aristotle has written a treatise On Sophistical Elenchi. Ignoratio elenchi is the name applied to that sophism by which the reasoner avoids the point to be proved, and dexterously substitutes the proof of something irrelevant.