properly signifies a person who is employed in devising or constructing engines or machines, and in directing their applications.

The Military Engineer is an officer whose business it is to delineate the plans and direct the formation of military works, and to regulate attacks and defences. The branches of knowledge which more particularly relate to his profession are treated under the heads ARTILLERY, FORTIFICATION, GUNNERY, and WAR.

The Civil Engineer is one who applies the principles of mechanical and physical philosophy to the construction of the machines and public works by which the arts and accommodations of civil life are rendered more efficient, extensive, and secure. The subjects which more immediately belong to his important calling are treated under the following heads: BRIDGE, CARPENTRY, DOCKS, GAS-LIGHTS, NAVIGATION, NAVIGATION INLAND, RAILWAYS, ROADS, LIGHTHOUSES, SHIP-BUILDING, TUNNELS, WATER-WORKS, &c.; and also under the heads DYNAMICS, HYDRODYNAMICS, MACHINE, MEASURATION, RESISTANCE OF FLUIDS, STRENGTH OF MATERIALS, &c.