a town of Baden, capital of a cognominal bailiwick in the circle of Middle Rhine, five miles S. of Carlshuie. It is situated on the Alb, and has cotton-spinning, gunpowder, and paper mills. Pop. 4500.

ETTMÜLLER, MICHAEL, an eminent physician, born at Leipzig, May 26, 1644. After having studied languages, mathematics, and philosophy, at his native town, he went to Wittenberg, whence he again returned to Leipzig, and obtained a medical diploma in 1666. After travelling in Italy, France, and England, he retired to Leyden, where he had intended to spend some time in study, but was suddenly recalled to Leipzig in 1668, where he received the degree of doctor immediately after his arrival. The Academy of the Curious in Nature admitted him as one of its members in 1670, and the Faculty of Medicine in 1676. About the same time the university of Leipzig confided to him the chair of botany, and appointed him extraordinary professor of surgery; the duties of which he discharged with distinction. But he did not long enjoy his preferment; for he was suddenly cut off, 9th March 1683, in consequence of a hectic fever, occasioned, as some say, by a chemical experiment. Although Ettmüller only wrote short dissertations and mere opusculea, he nevertheless enjoyed an immense reputation. He had the art of interest-

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1 Die Etrusker, vol. I., p. 64, et seq. ing and fixing the attention by a ready elocution, and by arguments sometimes much more specious than solid. The following is a list of his works:

- De Simpulicibus, a thesis defended by Ettmüller in 1663; Medicina Hippocratica Chalcedon, Leipzig, 1670, in 4to; Vis Opú diaphoricae, Leipzig, 1679, in 4to; Chymia Rationalis ac Experimentalis curiosa, Leyden, 1684, in 4to; Medicina Thesauri et Proxi generalis instructus, Frankfort and Leipzig, 1685, in 4to; Opera Omnia theoreticae ac practicae, Lyons, 1685, in 4to; Opera Omnia necesse Institutiones Medicorum cum Notis, etc., Frankfort, 1676, 2 vols. fol.; Opera Omnium Medico-physicorum editis necessaria, Lyons, 1690, 2 vols. fol.; Opera Omnia in Compendium redacta, London, 1701, and Amsterdam, 1702, in 8vo. The best edition is that of his son, entitled Opera Medicorum theorici et practici per filium Edmundo Zernecker, etc., Frankfort, 1708, 3 vols. fol. There is no complete translation of the works of Ettmüller, but there are numerous German, English, and French translations of the different treatises.

Michel Ernest Ettmüller, son of the preceding, born at Leipzig in 1673, was also a physician of some eminence. Besides collecting and editing the works of his father, he wrote a number of theses and memoirs. He died Sept. 25, 1732.