the ancient *Caeta*, a strongly fortified seaport-town of Naples, province of Terra di Lavoro, at the extremity of a peninsula forming the N.W. boundary of the gulf of Gaeta, 40 miles N.W. of Naples. The ancient town is said to have derived its name from Caeta the nurse of Æneas, who, according to Virgil and others, was buried here. The port became early an important shipping station, and Cicero describes it as being in his time "portus celeberrimus et plenissimus navium." The neighbourhood, too, became a favourite place of resort with the Romans, and the coast between Caeta and Formiae, about four miles distant, was studded with numerous elegant villas. The town, however, seems to have been an inconsiderable place up to the time of Antoninus Pius, by whom it, together with the port, was much improved. After the fall of the western empire it for some time enjoyed a republican form of government, and was afterwards governed by dukes, who acknowledged the temporal supremacy of the pope. In 1435 it was taken by Alphonso V. of Aragon, and since that time it has belonged to the crown of Naples. It has sustained several remarkable sieges; in modern times may be mentioned those of 1702, 1734, and 1806. In 1815 and 1821 it held out for some time against the Austrians. The palace of the governor was for some time the residence of Pope Pius IX. after his flight from Rome in 1849. Of the ancient city the remains comprised a temple and aqueduct. The most interesting, however, is the sepulchre of L. Mariatus Plancus, called *Torre di Orlando*, which stands on the highest part of the isthmus connecting the citadel with the mainland. It is of a circular form, in excellent preservation, and retains its inscription uninjured. Mola di Gaeta occupies the site of the ancient Formiae, where Cicero had a favourite villa, and where he was put to death by order of Antony. Gaeta is surrounded by walls flanked by bastions and redoubts, and defended by a castle. It is the see of an archbishop, and has a fine cathedral, several other churches and convents, a public seminary, hospital, and foundling asylum. It has a considerable trade, and the port is one of the best in Italy. Pop. (exclusive of the garrison) about 10,000, of whom nearly three-fourths are in the suburbs.

GÆTULIA, in Ancient Geography, a district of Africa, bounded on the N. by Mauretania and Numidia, E. by the country of the Garamantes, S. by the basin of the Niger, and W. by the Atlantic. The Gætuli, who inhabited it, and from it took their name, are stated by Sallust to have been one of two great aboriginal races of Africa; the Libyans being the other. They originally occupied the northern sea-board of Africa, from which they were gradually driven out by the Asiatic invaders, who afterwards became known as Numidians and Mauretanians. They were a warlike race of fierce disposition, and without a settled government; and roved over the deserts, clad in skins, and living on milk and the proceeds of the chase. They engaged but little in trade, though their country yielded abundantly some valuable natural products. The shores of the Atlantic, especially, furnished in great quantities the murex, from which the famous purple dye of antiquity was obtained.

Till the Jugoarthine war the Gætuli, according to Sallust, were ignorant of the Roman name. In that struggle they furnished a quota of cavalry to the armies of the Numidian king. Some of them afterwards served under Marius, and owned a kind of allegiance to Hiempsal. In the civil war large numbers of them sided with Caesar; but in the time of Augustus conducted themselves in a manner so turbulent and disorderly, that they had to be kept in check by a powerful army.