GEORGE, a distinguished mechanician and clockmaker, was born in 1675 at Horsgill, in the parish of Kirklington, and county of Cumberland. His inventions in science are numerous and valuable. He invented and constructed with his own hands the sector with which Bradley discovered two new movements in the so-called fixed stars. He also executed the superb mural arch in the observatory of Greenwich, on the pattern of which the best instruments of this kind are still made. The French Academy selected him to make the necessary instruments for their expedition to the north, undertaken for the purpose of determining the figure of the earth. Some of Graham's horological inventions are no less remarkable than those already alluded to. It is to him that we owe the mercurial compensation pendulum, the dead escapement for clocks, and the horizontal or cylinder escapement for watches, which are all detailed under Clock and Watch Work. Graham was a Quaker, and a man of almost proverbial probity and veracity. His published works are limited to his contributions to the Royal Society, of which he was a member. He died in 1751, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

James, the celebrated Marquis of Montrose, born 1612, beheaded at Edinburgh, May 21, 1650. His history will be found under Scotland. His character is familiar to all through Sir W. Scott's Legend of Montrose.

John, Viscount of Dundee, better known as Claverhouse, from the name of his estate, born about 1650, killed at Killiecrankie in 1689. The details of his life are given in the article Scotland. The recent attempts of party writers to whitewash the character of Claverhouse have been all signal failures. It would be hardly fair to except from that catalogue even Sir W. Scott, whose political sympathies lay altogether in favour of those views for which Graham fought and finally died. The sketch of Claverhouse in Old Mortality is in the highest degree vigorous and graphic, but a very different and far truer estimate of the arch-persecutor is that in the episode entitled "Wandering Willie's Tale," in the story of Redgauntlet by the same author.

Thomas, Lord Lynedoch, the hero of Barossa, was a cadet of a very ancient and honourable Scottish family. The date and place of his birth are alike unknown with certainty, as no register of the event is known to exist. He was born, however, either in 1750, or (as is more likely) in 1748. The place of his birth was either the family estate of Balgowan, or his father's property of Blairgowrie, near the town of that name, both in the county of Perth. On his father's side he claimed kindred with the dukes of Montrose; his mother was a daughter of the first Earl of Hopetoun. He was the third son, but as both his brothers died young he inherited the family estates. His education was carried on at home, and his tutor was the celebrated James Macpherson, whose name is identified with the poems of Ossian. On reaching manhood, young Graham did very much as was and is the custom of his class—he travelled a good deal on the Continent; farmed a little; distinguished himself as a most daring rider and sportsman, and dipped a good deal into general, but more especially classical literature, for which he had a decided taste. In this way he spent his life till the year 1792, when he had the misfortune, while travelling on the Grahame Continent, to lose his wife (the second daughter of Charles, ninth Earl of Cathcart), to whom he was most devotedly attached. This loss preyed deeply and long upon his mind; and the means that he took to drown the memory of his affliction imparted a romantic interest to the whole tenor of his future life. He entered the army as a volunteer; in 1793 took part in the campaign of the south of France, and distinguished himself by the devoted gallantry with which he always marched at the head of his column into the thickest of the fight. On returning home he was made colonel of the 90th regiment, of which the first battalion had been raised by himself. In 1795 he was stationed at Gibraltar, but becoming tired of the dull monotony of garrison routine, he left it, and attached himself to the Austrian headquarters as British commissioner. In this capacity he assisted Wurmser in the defence of Mantua, when it was blockaded by the French under General Bonaparte.

On returning home he was again employed on foreign service, and attracted especial notice at the reduction of Minorca and the subsequent blockade and capture of Malta. In 1808 he accompanied Sir John Moore to Spain, and took part in the campaign that ended in the disastrous retreat to Corunna. In the hardships, almost unparalleled, then undergone by the British soldiers, Graham (to quote the words of Sheridan) was in the hour of peril their best adviser, in the hour of disaster their surest consolation. In 1811 he fought and won the memorable battle of Barossa, notable among other reasons as the first fight in which the English captured a French eagle. Hastening to join Wellington, he arrived in time to be present at the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo. At Vitoria he led the English left wing, and after taking St Sebastian, crossed the Bidassoa, and was the first to take seisin of the soil of France with British troops. He received the thanks of parliament for his numerous services, and in 1814 was made a baron of the empire with the title of Lord Lynedoch. In 1826 he was appointed governor of Dumbarton Castle, and before his death had received as many orders and decorations as any general in the British service, Wellington alone excepted. Sir Walter Scott pays him a touching tribute at the close of the Vision of Don Roderick:

"Nor be his praise o'erpast, who strove to hide Beneath the warrior's vest affection's wound, Whose wish heaven for his country's weal denied; Danger and fate he sought, but glory found. From clime to clime, where'er was trumpet's sound The wanderer went; yet, Caledonia, still Thine was his thought in march and tented ground; He dreamed 'mid Alpine cliffs of Athole's hill, And heard in Ebro's roar his Lynedoch's lovely rill."

"Never," said Sheridan, "was there seated a loftier spirit in a braver heart." Lord Lynedoch died at London, Dec. 18, 1843, in the 94th (or if we assign his birth to 1748, in the 96th) year of his age. He died without issue, and his title is consequently extinct.