the capital of the county of that name, is situated nearly in its centre, on the left bank of the River Wye, which is here crossed by a bridge of six arches. It is of very ancient origin, and was the seat of a bishop's see as early as the year 684, a proof that it had even at that period become a place of importance. Though the city is no longer "one of the largest, fairest, and strongest castles in England," as Leland says, yet the streets, still called after the ancient gates, are remarkable for their straightness, width, and neatness. The chief edifice is the cathedral, built in 1079; it is 325 feet long, by 110 broad. In 1786 a great portion of it fell down, and it is now being restored. The other buildings are the bishop's palace, the county-hall, the county gaol (built on Howard's plan), and the markets. There are five parish churches, but none of them is remarkable for beauty. A column 60 feet high, to the memory of Lord Nelson, stands on the Castlehill, the site of the ancient castle. The city contains some remains of its earlier days—a portion of the castle-keep, one of the six gates, and the walls of some old religious edifices. Owing to its position on the frontier of Wales, Hereford has taken an important part in history. The motto of the city, "Invicta Fidelitatis Praeemium," was given to it by Charles I. as a reward for the support he received from the citizens. Hereford has returned two members of parliament since the 23rd of Edward I.; it was incorporated in 1189 by Richard I., and is now governed, under the Municipal Act, by a mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen Herefordshire. Market-days, Wednesday and Saturday. Pop. in 1811, 7306; in 1831, 10,282; and in 1851, 12,108.