a borough and river-port of England, capital of the county of Suffolk. It stands on a gentle slope at the confluence of the Gipping with the Orwell, on the line of the Eastern Counties railway, 68 miles N.E. of London. In the old part of the town the streets are mostly narrow and irregularly built; and some of the old houses are decorated with curious carvings. In the modern part the streets are wide and regular, and lined with neat and substantial buildings. Ipswich is rapidly improving, and is altogether a clean, healthy, and pleasant town. It contains 12 parish churches, none of which are architecturally remarkable, and several dissenting places of worship. There were, in 1851, 91 day-schools, with 4253 scholars. Among the public buildings are the shire and town halls, custom-house, corn exchange, gaols, cavalry barracks, theatre, assembly-rooms, baths, lunatic asylum, and hospital. The grammar-school founded by Cardinal Wolsey, a native of the town, has 6 scholarships and 2 exhibitions at Pembroke College, Cambridge. There are also a mechanics' institute, with library, a public library, news-rooms, museum of natural history, a blue-coat school, and several almshouses. Ipswich was formerly celebrated for its woollen manufactures, but these are now all but extinct. It chiefly depends at present on the manufacture of agricultural implements, ship-building, and its shipping. It is about 18 miles from the sea by the river, which is navigable to the town for vessels of upwards of 200 tons. It is the seat of a considerable trade, the chief exports being corn, malt, and agricultural implements; the chief imports, coal, iron, and timber. The shipping registered at the port on 31st December 1854 was,—sailing vessels 167, tonnage 13,763; steamers 6, tonnage 295. Those entered and cleared at the port during 1854,—coasters, inwards 1183, tonnage 87,876; outwards 715, tonnage 34,264;—colonial and foreign traders, inwards 106, tonnage 11,076; outwards 84, tonnage 8101. Ipswich is governed by a mayor, 10 aldermen, and 30 councillors, and returns 2 members to parliament. Pop. (1851) 32,914.