JAROSLAVL, a town of Russia, capital of the above government, situated in the angle formed by the confluence of the Rivers Volga and Katarosst, 480 miles distant from St Petersburg, and 163 miles from Moscow. It is one of the most ancient cities in the empire. Since the reign of Katherine II., who introduced German customs into the town, and otherwise took interest in its prosperity, Jaroslavl has steadily increased in importance and population. In appearance it resembles other Russian towns, the streets and squares being wide. The houses are built of wood and stone in about equal numbers, and the town is surrounded by a palisade. Five of its suburbs are on the right bank of the Katarosst, and one on the left side of the Volga. Handsome villas line the river sides in the neighbourhood. The town contains 6 government offices, all of stone, and 24 churches and religious houses, 13 of which are stone, the others wooden. In gratitude for a lyceum which Prince Demidoff founded and endowed, the inhabitants have raised a monument to him in the public square. Besides this institution there are 4 public seminaries, 2 theological and 2 secular, with about 1300 scholars each.

Jaroslavl, conjointly with Rostov, is the see of an archbishop. It is principally noted for its manufactures, which include linen, calico, silk, paper, leather, gold and silver ornaments, &c. The total number of manufactories in the town is 86. The artisans are generally of an intelligent class; they are freed from any tax on trade. The municipal government is in the hands of the citizens, according to certain qualifications, which, however, are possessed only by a few. The population of Jaroslavl in 1851 amounted to 29,332 persons.

JAROSŁAW, a town of Austrian Galicia, circle of Przemyśl, on the San, a tributary of the Vistula, 17 miles N.N.W. of the town of Przemyśl. It has a castle belonging to Prince Czartoryski, a cathedral, normal school, and manufactures of woollen and linen cloths. Pop. about 4000.