a large town of Northern Africa, regency of Tunis, and about 80 miles S.S.E. of the city of that name. In extent and importance it ranks as the second city of Tunis, and by Mohammedans is regarded as the holy city of Africa. The great mosque, supported, it is said, by 500 marble or granite pillars, is esteemed the most magnificent, as well as the most sacred, in Barbary. Kairwan was founded by the Arabs about A.D. 670. It stands in a barren, sandy plain, and is surrounded by a low wall having four gates. The houses are generally good, and the streets wide, but there is a great deficiency of water. Yellow Morocco boots and slippers made here are famous for the beauty of their dye. Pop. about 50,000.

KAISARIYEH or KAISARIAH (anciently Mazaca and Caesarea), an important commercial city of Asia Minor, pashalic of Caramania, situated in a plain at the N. foot of the Erjish Dagh (the ancient Argaeus), 130 miles E.N.E. of Konieh. It is the entrepot for a large extent of country, and the resort of merchants from all parts of Asia Minor and Syria. Besides cotton, gums, fruit, wine, furs, skins, wool, goats' hair, and the other products of its own territory, it trades in numerous articles of British and colonial produce, hardware, silks, woollens, indigo, dye-woods, &c. The chief articles of industry are cotton-thread and cloth, and yellow Morocco leather. The vicinity is fertile, and the climate salubrious, but Kaisariyeh itself is the filthiest Kaiserslautern in all Turkey. The streets are narrow and irregular, and the houses, though solidly built of stone and brick, have a mean and dilapidated appearance. Mazaca was the capital of Cappadocia, and when that kingdom became a Roman province in the reign of Tiberius, the name of Mazaca was changed to Caesarea. In the later times of the empire it became a city of great importance, and is said to have had a population of 400,000 persons. The present population is variously estimated at from 8000 to 25,000.