or Khosrew I., called Choosroes by the Greeks, and surnamed Anushirwan, "generous spirit," succeeded his father, Cobades or Koban, as King of Persia, A.D. 531, and reigned with great glory and success till 579. He is justly entitled to be looked upon as one of the greatest of all the kings of Persia. As a warrior he proved himself able to cope with the best armies and most skilful generals of Rome. So terrible was his name, even to that warlike people, that the emperors were glad to purchase peace by the payment of a heavy annual tribute. He carried his conquests eastwards to the Indus, and northwards to the Oxus. Native historians dwell with pride on the embassies that came from the distant kingdoms of Africa, India, China, and Tibet, to solicit his friendship and gain his good will with valuable gifts. Feared abroad, he was respected and beloved at home, and the Persians look back upon his reign as the golden age of their history. His virtues, and more especially his justice, dwell in their memories. Science, literature, trade, and agriculture found in him a sure and constant patron. Academies and libraries were founded in the chief cities of his kingdom; and the masterpieces of Sanscrit, Greek, Latin, and Hindoo learning were, by his orders, translated into the Persian tongue. Among other translations which he caused to be made may be mentioned that of the Indian Fables of Pilpay, from which the versions in most of the European tongues have been taken. Among his countrymen Khosru holds a place analogous to that held by Alfred among Englishmen, or by Charlemagne among the Franks. (For the details of his life and reign, see PERSIA.)