a flourishing market-town and parliamentary and municipal burgh of Scotland, Ayrshire, at the confluence of the Kilmarnock Water and Irvine (over which there are here seven bridges), 19 miles S.W. of Glasgow by rail. Its general appearance is highly respectable. The principal streets are well built and spacious, containing several handsome public buildings. In the centre of the town is a cross, and a statue of Sir James Shaw. Among the public institutions are an excellent academy (with 360 pupils in 1851), a library, three literary institutes (497 members in 1851), with libraries and two reading-rooms. Kilmarnock was long the principal seat of the blue bonnet and striped night-cap manufacture. This is now quite surpassed in importance by the manufacture of carpets and worsted shawls. Boots and shoes, hosierly, machinery, &c., are also made to a considerable extent; and there are some large tanneries. The town is situate in the midst of a highly cultivated district, abounding in coal and freestone. A railway (the first public line opened in Scotland), connects it with the seaport of Troon, 94 miles distant. The burgh is governed by a provost, 4 bailies, a treasurer, and 12 councillors, and returns one member to parliament in conjunction with Port-Glasgow, Dumbarton, Renfrew, and Rutherglen; constituency in 1856, 600, being about the half of the combined numbers. It has two newspapers and several printing presses. Here, in 1786, was printed the first edition of the poems of Burns. In the neighbourhood are the ruins of the castles of Dean and Craufurdland.

KILLOGRAMME, KILOLITRE, and KILOMETRE. See France, § Weights and Measures.

KILKENNY, a municipal and parliamentary borough and seaport of Scotland, county of Fife, on the N.E. shore of the Frith of Forth, 9 miles S. by W. of St Andrews. It forms a contributory borough to St Andrews, but is otherwise a place of little importance. Pop. of borough (1851), 1862, chiefly engaged in fishing.