a government of European Russia, lying between N. Lat. 57. and 59., and E. Long. 40. and 48.; and bounded on the N. by the government of Vologda, W. by Jaroslavl, S. by Vladimir and Nijegorod, and E. by Viatka. Area 31,378 square miles. The surface is in general flat, but the soil is not very fertile, being in the N. marshy, while in the S. it is clayey and sandy. The principal rivers are the Volga, and its affluents the Unsha and Vetluga. The climate is severe, but not unhealthy; winter is long and severe, while summer is short and frequently misty. The principal grain crop is rye, but the quantity grown is not equal to the consumption. Large quantities of flax and hemp are produced. The forests are extensive and valuable, principally the property of the crown. The rearing of cattle is little attended to; but the fisheries in the lakes and rivers are actively carried on. Various manufactures are also actively prosecuted in the government, particularly of linen and woollen goods, Russia leather, and brandy. Pop. (1851) 1,020,628.

capital of the above government, is situated at the confluence of the Kostroma and Volga, 228 miles N.E. from Moscow. A wall of earth which surrounded the town has been converted into a promenade. The cathedral is a very handsome building. There is a large bell KÖSZEGH, or Güssa, a town of Hungary, situated on the slope of a valley, 57 miles S.E. of Vienna. It has an old castle, several upper schools, considerable woollen manufactures, and extensive trade in wine and fruits. It held out nobly in 1532 against the besieging army of the great Sultan. Pop. 8000.