a parish, burgh of barony, and market-town of Scotland, in the county of Dumfries, is situated on the River Esk, 25 miles E.N.E. from Dumfries. Manufactures cotton, woollen plaid, and other fabrics. In the market-place is a monument to Sir Pulteney Malcolm, and another on Langholm Hill to his brother, Sir John. Here were born Telford the engineer, and Melide the translator of the Lusiad. Pop. of burgh (1851) 1406. Adjacent to Langholm is the village of New Langholm, occupied chiefly by weavers engaged in the woollen and linen manufactures. Pop. 1057.