(ancient Aemona), a fortified town of Austria, capital of Carniola, and of the former kingdom of Illyria, is situated on a navigable river of the same name, an affluent of the Save, 52 miles N.E. of Trieste; N. Lat. 46° 48', E. Long. 14° 30'. The town and its suburbs stand on both sides of the stream, which is here crossed by several bridges. The castle, on a hill around which the largest part of the town is built, is now used as a prison. Among its public buildings are—the cathedral, several churches and religious houses, Anzersberg palace, a lyceum and gymnasium. A pillar stands in the market-place, raised in honour of the "Lady Conqueror of the Moon," Mondbezwingerin, a statue of whom is said to have rallied and led on the inhabitants when they were dispirited and had lost their general in one of the Turkish invasions. Laybach is the see of a bishop, and contains the law courts of the province. Its manufactures, which are unimportant, include porcelain, linens, and refined sugar; and it carries on an active trade in flax, grain, and wool. The Vienna, Bruck, and Trieste Railroad passes through the town. It is celebrated for a congress held here in 1821. Pop. (1851), 17,256.