a department of France, formed chiefly of the old province of Guyenne, besides small portions of Condomois and of Lomagne, is bounded on the N. by the departments of Gironde and Dordogne, on the E. by those of Lot and Tarn-et-Garonne, on the S. by that of Gers, and on the W. by those of Landes and Gironde; between N. Lat. 44° and 45° 45', and W. Long. 0° 10' and E. Long. 1° 3'. It is 63 miles long and 55 broad, and contains an area of 2067 square miles. It receives its name from the rivers Lot and Garonne, which traverse it in a westerly direction, and unite near the town of Aiguillon. The Garonne receives as tributaries the Baise and the Dropt; the former joining it opposite Aiguillon, the latter below La-Réole. Another principal river is the Gers. Those rivers are, for the most part, navigable, or are rendered so by means of canals. Steamers ply between Bordeaux and Agen, and a railway has been projected from Bordeaux to Céte. The chief mineral productions are iron, gypsum, building-stone, and marl. The department possesses, as industrial establishments, a manufactory of tobacco at Tonnesins, and one of beautiful sail-cloth at Agen. The remaining articles of manufacture are flour, linen, cotton, pottery, iron, glass, lime, paper, rupes, and leather. There is a considerable trade in those articles, as well as in agricultural produce, which is rich and abundant. The valleys of the Lot and Garonne are remarkably fertile and beautiful. The low grounds yield wheat, maize, rye, hemp, and tobacco; the upper slopes are covered with vines, figs, and plums. The N. of the department is rather barren. The climate is very healthy. A considerable number of horses, mules, asses, cattle, sheep, pigs, and goats are reared. Geese and game are also abundant. Lot and Garonne forms the diocese of the Archbishop of Agen, and has five consistorial churches of the Calvinistic persuasion. It has a court of appeal at Agen, four tribunals of first instance, three tribunals of commerce, and five colleges.

The principal town is Agen, with a pop. of 14,987; and the department is divided into four arrondissements, subdivided as follows:

| Canton | Communes | Pop. in 1851 | |--------|----------|-------------| | Agen | 9 | 72 | 84,092 | | Marmande | 9 | 98 | 101,044 | | Nérac | 7 | 62 | 60,818 | | Villeneuve-d'Agen | 10 | 82 | 95,391 | | Total | 35 | 312 | 341,345 |