district of ancient Hispania. Considered in its original meaning as the country of the Lusitani, it is said by Strabo to have been bounded on the S. by the Tagus, and on the W. and N. by the sea. In the course of time, however, the growing importance of the Callaici on the N. narrowed its extent, and fixed the River Durius (Douro) as its northern boundary. Again, in consequence of the multitude of Lusitanians that were driven southward during their protracted struggle with the Romans, the name Lusitanus was gradually extended to those districts S. of the Tagus. Accordingly, when fixed by Augustus as one of the three provinces of Hispania, Lusitania was comprised between the Anas (Guadiana) on the E., the sea on the S. and W., and the Durius on the N. The chief river within the district is the Tagus, which flows westward into the Atlantic Ocean. The following are the principal towns on the rivers:—On the Anas, Metellinum (Medellin), Emerita Augusta (Merida), the Roman capital, Pax Augusta (Badajoz), and Myrtilis (Mertola); on the Tagus, Libora (Talavera de la Reina), Norba Caesarca (Alcantara), Scalabis (Santarem), and Olisipo (Lisbon), the ancient capital previous to the time of the Romans; and on the Munda (Mondego), Conimbriga (Coimbra). The other towns are,—Salmantica (Salamanca), Sancia Transalpina (Ciudad Rodrigo), Ebora (Evora), and Pax Julia (Beja). The Lusitanians, especially those that inhabited the mountains, were much addicted to plunder. Of all the Iberians, they were the bravest, and offered most resistance to the Romans.