a city of Ionia, situate on the Lethæus, an affluent of the Maeander, was commonly called Magnesia ad Maeandrum, in contradistinction to Magnesia ad Sipyllum, a town in Lydia. It is said to have been founded by a colony from Magnesia in Thessaly, and rapidly rose to wealth and power. Captured and sacked by the Cimmerians about 726 B.C., it was rebuilt in the following year by the Milesians, or, according to Athenæus, by the Ephesians. Magnesia was one of the three cities that supported Themistocles during his exile, and there the memory of that great man was long afterwards preserved by a monument erected in the agora. In the time of Strabo the town was noted for its magnificent temple to Artemis Leucophryene, still seen in ruins. Under the Romans it was included within the kingdom of Pergamus, and from that period it seems to have gradually declined.